Deuterium in The Philippines may Generate $30B per year Income

[Sand Man]

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lisod kaayu iexplain bro uy! basta aq maingon. SAYON ra kaayu na technolohiya ug....

Same ra ba na sa concept kanang magbutang ka ug tubig sa baso then gamit ka ug straw para higopon ang ilawm lang na portion sa tubig?

Why not try typing nalang why you think na sayon ra ni na process basta naa ray mo-finance. Di man sad siguro mi ingon ana na jud tantung ka-bogo na di mi ka-gets sa tanan nimong i-type.

At least naa jud mi ma-gets gamay nya ang ubang info na wa mi kasabot either amo nalang i-Google or mangutana mi nimo for clarification.

Hope OK ra ni nimo?

[mang kulas]

For the sake of this thread not getting locked I will not bite into your trolling remarks.

Lahi ra ang mag-Google sa kanang naa jud experienced person mo-expound sa information kay ang experienced na tawo pwede maka-summarize into layman's terms which the general population can relate to and understand while Google or internet information can get very technical.

So, unsa man ng HABITAT WELDING ug SATURATION DIVING and how can that help us extract this mineral under the sea?



Oil is good but this thread is about Deuterium. In your experienced opinion, what is the best way to extract this mineral under our seas? Are you saying the process is very similar to extracting oil?

You can put out your ideas here kay who knows someone with resources might come along and do a Google search about any existing/current discussions about this. Do you know the istorya.net has a higher hit rate on Google that it usually comes up on page 1 of the search results.

Wa ta kebaw someone might contact you to solicit ideas or consultations.

It is all the same bro... kana xa tanan it is part of SUBSEA ENGINEERING... nka trabaho q sa WINDFARM sa UK, great gabbard field with 200 wind TURBINES na naa sa tunga sa dagat. OIL and gas. underwater wells, PIPELINES, CABLES... ug another thing, kabaw mu asa mu nag connect ug internet dhas pinas? ug wala q masayop COMMUNICATION lines to amu gi CABLE lay from PHILS. to SG. using FIBER optic CABLES tawid sa dagat.

BASTA bro sayon ra kaayu na pag extract kung ang gilagmon ana dha is 3000 Fathoms man cguro ug wala q masayop dha sa surigao, dili na kaya ug SATURATION diving cgurado ROV gamiton ana (remote operated vehicle) ug ang abang sa ROV support vessel mga 60,000-100,000 USD per DAY.... mao na kasagaran rate sa ASIA. ug i dont know how long would it take to complete the extraction
Pero offcourse walay contractor na musugal ug kuha ana kung ang expenses sa pag extract mahal pa sa gi extract.

[erwin_rommel]

It is all the same bro... kana xa tanan it is part of SUBSEA ENGINEERING... nka trabaho q sa WINDFARM sa UK, great gabbard field with 200 wind TURBINES na naa sa tunga sa dagat. OIL and gas. underwater wells, PIPELINES, CABLES... ug another thing, kabaw mu asa mu nag connect ug internet dhas pinas? ug wala q masayop COMMUNICATION lines to amu gi CABLE lay from PHILS. to SG. using FIBER optic CABLES tawid sa dagat.

BASTA bro sayon ra kaayu na pag extract kung ang gilagmon ana dha is 3000 Fathoms man cguro ug wala q masayop dha sa surigao, dili na kaya ug SATURATION diving cgurado ROV gamiton ana (remote operated vehicle) ug ang abang sa ROV support vessel mga 60,000-100,000 USD per DAY.... mao na kasagaran rate sa ASIA. ug i dont know how long would it take to complete the extraction
Pero offcourse walay contractor na musugal ug kuha ana kung ang expenses sa pag extract mahal pa sa gi extract.

pagchur diha bro oi... 3000 fathoms ka diha. ang sa philippine trench kay almost 6000 fathoms. di kaha na ma pislat imong ROV nig abot ana nga depth? expert man unta ka pero...

[mang kulas]

kung ang gilagmon ana dha is 3000 Fathoms man cguro ug wala q masayop dha sa surigao,

pagchur diha bro oi... 3000 fathoms ka diha. ang sa philippine trench kay almost 6000 fathoms. di kaha na ma pislat imong ROV nig abot ana nga depth? expert man unta ka pero...

Mao na di q nahan mu explain kay klaro kaayu nang nka BLUE oh!
unya naay mu baraw. mugbo kaayug abot ba na gasalig lag BOOGLE unya mu disagree dayon kay tungod sa nabasa nila sa BOOGLE nagtoo sila bansay na kaayu sila parehas aning ERWIN_ROMMEL.. unya for your info bro... diin mana nimu nakuha na MAPISAT ang ROV sa 6000 Fathoms 10,000 meters? unya mangutana nasad mu unsa nang ROV nganung DILI mapisat? ayaw nlng ta. PAG L*L* nlng mu hahahaha

Ari nlng mu pangutana kanag erwin_rommel kay murag xa maoy EEEKKKSSSSPEEERT

[erwin_rommel]

Mao na di q nahan mu explain kay klaro kaayu nang nka BLUE oh!
unya naay mu baraw. mugbo kaayug abot ba na gasalig lag BOOGLE unya mu disagree dayon kay tungod sa nabasa nila sa BOOGLE nagtoo sila bansay na kaayu sila parehas aning ERWIN_ROMMEL.. unya for your info bro... diin mana nimu nakuha na MAPISAT ang ROV sa 6000 Fathoms 10,000 meters? unya mangutana nasad mu unsa nang ROV nganung DILI mapisat? ayaw nlng ta. PAG L*L* nlng mu hahahaha

Ari nlng mu pangutana kanag erwin_rommel kay murag xa maoy EEEKKKSSSSPEEERT

di nako mo tubay nimo bro kay na himo na ning humor ang thread tungod sa imong expertise

[Sand Man]

How does saturation diving work?

The Kursk sank in over 300 feet (91 m) of water. When a SCUBA diver makes a dive to that depth, he experiences the pressure of the water around him, which is approximately 10 times the pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the gasses that make up the air in his lungs, particularly nitrogen, dissolve into his blood and tissues. With the gasses in his blood and tissue, he can remain at that depth for a short period of time -- less than 5 minutes. If he stays down longer than that, he runs the risk of developing decompression sickness, also known as "the bends," when he surfaces, and he'll have go through the decompression process to avoid getting sick. Because the Norwegian divers knew they would have to stay longer at that depth, and therefore would have to undergo decompression, they used a technique called saturation diving.

Saturation diving is based on the principle that the pressure of the dissolved gas in the blood and tissues is the same as that of the gas in the lungs. Basically, a diver goes down to a depth, perhaps 300 feet, and remains there until no more gas can dissolve in the tissues -- the tissues are saturated with nitrogen. Once the saturation point has been reached, the time required for decompression will be the same no matter how much longer the diver stays at that depth, whether it be a minute, an hour, a day or a week. This principle has been used for divers who live and work in undersea habitats. It was used by the divers in the submersible oil rig in the film "The Abyss."

One idea that is being researched to prevent the need for saturation diving and decompression at great depths is liquid breathing, which was also shown in "The Abyss." Instead of breathing gas, the diver breaths a non-compressible, liquid perfluorocarbon compound that contains oxygen. Because no gas phase is in contact with the blood, and nitrogen is not used, the danger of forming nitrogen bubbles does not exist. In the 1960s, it was shown that rats could survive for up to 20 hours when immersed in such a mixture. Potentially, liquid breathing could allow a diver to reach depths of up to 3000 feet (914 m). Liquid breathing is still under research, and has been focused on helping to save pre-mature infants and patients with acute lung injuries.

Here are some interesting links:

[1] National Hyperbaric Centre Saturation Diving System
[2] People Under the Sea
[3] Norwegian Universal Technology Saturation Diving Systems
[4] Diving Medicine On-Line
[5] Divers Alert Network (DAN)
[6] Liquid Breathing Apparatus Special Problem
[7] George Chipala's Liquid Breathing Notebook
[8] Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. Development of Liquid Ventilation Techniques

source

[mang kulas]

How does saturation diving work?

The Kursk sank in over 300 feet (91 m) of water. When a SCUBA diver makes a dive to that depth, he experiences the pressure of the water around him, which is approximately 10 times the pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the gasses that make up the air in his lungs, particularly nitrogen, dissolve into his blood and tissues. With the gasses in his blood and tissue, he can remain at that depth for a short period of time -- less than 5 minutes. If he stays down longer than that, he runs the risk of developing decompression sickness, also known as "the bends," when he surfaces, and he'll have go through the decompression process to avoid getting sick. Because the Norwegian divers knew they would have to stay longer at that depth, and therefore would have to undergo decompression, they used a technique called saturation diving.

Saturation diving is based on the principle that the pressure of the dissolved gas in the blood and tissues is the same as that of the gas in the lungs. Basically, a diver goes down to a depth, perhaps 300 feet, and remains there until no more gas can dissolve in the tissues -- the tissues are saturated with nitrogen. Once the saturation point has been reached, the time required for decompression will be the same no matter how much longer the diver stays at that depth, whether it be a minute, an hour, a day or a week. This principle has been used for divers who live and work in undersea habitats. It was used by the divers in the submersible oil rig in the film "The Abyss."

One idea that is being researched to prevent the need for saturation diving and decompression at great depths is liquid breathing, which was also shown in "The Abyss." Instead of breathing gas, the diver breaths a non-compressible, liquid perfluorocarbon compound that contains oxygen. Because no gas phase is in contact with the blood, and nitrogen is not used, the danger of forming nitrogen bubbles does not exist. In the 1960s, it was shown that rats could survive for up to 20 hours when immersed in such a mixture. Potentially, liquid breathing could allow a diver to reach depths of up to 3000 feet (914 m). Liquid breathing is still under research, and has been focused on helping to save pre-mature infants and patients with acute lung injuries.

Here are some interesting links:

[1] National Hyperbaric Centre Saturation Diving System
[2] People Under the Sea
[3] Norwegian Universal Technology Saturation Diving Systems
[4] Diving Medicine On-Line
[5] Divers Alert Network (DAN)
[6] Liquid Breathing Apparatus Special Problem
[7] George Chipala's Liquid Breathing Notebook
[8] Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. Development of Liquid Ventilation Techniques

source

wala pa man guro q matawo anang panahon sa KURSK bro
Karaan na kaayu na NITROGEN pa gud ang gamit
karon gud bro ang gigamit kay HELIOX. a mixture of Helium and oxygen. delicate kaayu na na mixture gamayng sipyat patay with.in millisec. kay ang OXYGEN poison nana xa pag abot sa mga lawm na 50mtrs and above

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Bro ug ma search nimu sa discovery channel ang MIGHTY SHIPS - Skandi arctic. naa q dhas video istarring q

ug sa 100 meters depth maka trabaho ang diver 6-8hrs. then balik nasad sila sa SATURATION chamber adto na sila matulog. ug mahuman na ang project, dili pa sila mka gawas dayon sa chamber it takes 5 days to be decompressed. unya ug naa sila sa chamber ang ilang tingog ug musulti sila kay murag si DONALD DUCK... dili masabtan, pero kami. kasabot nami kay nadugay naman mi sa business hehe

mao kanang mga MERMAID chuvaleer dha. kataw.an nlng na namu. unya ang mga taw sad na ga cge lag FACEBOOK ug GOOGLE motoo sad intawn sa katong video sa mga kolokoy na 9000 ft kuno na gasakay adtong unsa tong claseha na sakyanan na wala man to mag exist, nag exist rato sa HOLLYWOOD movies... hehehe

[Sand Man]

Bro ug ma search nimu sa discovery channel ang MIGHTY SHIPS - Skandi arctic. naa q dhas video istarring q

Putting this up. Asa man ka ani dapita?



Video is 40+ minutes long ... unya na nako ni tan-awn sa balay.

[Sand Man]

This blog is quite surprising in its claim that 'heavy water' found in deep oceans in unfounded. Read on...

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Fusion Fuels: - 'Mining' deuterium

Last week, in Fusion Fuels: Part 1 - The isotopes of hydrogen, I described the three isotopes of hydrogen and why we might need them as fuel when we finally develop a fusion reactor on earth. If deuterium and tritium are foreseen to be the fuels for fusion, where do we get deuterium?

Deuterium exists in all the water that you ever see anywhere. On average in Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) there is one deuterium atom for every 6400 hydrogen atoms, so although it is somewhat dilute it is not particularly rare. In some places on earth you can find water that is slightly enriched in deuterium - with perhaps double the concentration.

Browsing around the internet you can find claims that the Dead Sea is one of these areas. Lake Tangyanika is another. These claims are plausible. The one thing in common between these places is that they have rivers and streams running into them, but no river running out of them. Water only leaves them by evaporation and the vapour evaporating from a water surface tends to be richer in the light isotope, protium, than in the heavier deuterium. Therefore the water left behind in closed bodies of water is likely to be slightly enriched in deuterium. The water might reach double the concentration of normal water, but no better than that.

You might also find claims that the water in the deepest ocean trenches is enriched in deuterium. One could propose that this is because the 'heavy water' sinks to the bottom of the ocean and collects there. For now I am going to resist the temptation to address this topic very much, because I am very skeptical about it. In fact the only evidence that I have ever found about the deuterium concentration in deep ocean water suggests that the claim is unfounded.

In order to obtain pure deuterium, water has to be processed in a variety of ways. There is no single process that produces pure deuterium from ordinary water in one step. In fact it is usually achieved by three distinct and sequential processes. The first is designed to concentrate the deuterium to between 20 and 30% in water and the others to increase the concentration further and to generate deuterium gas from this 'heavy water'.

The initial stages are usually achieved by a technique known as 'isotopic exchange'. The three different hydrogen isotopes very easily swap places with each other in molecules. Hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are chemically and physically equivalent in most situations, and a water molecule containing two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom can easily become one that contains a hydrogen, a deuterium and an oxygen. The forms of water that can be produced in the presence of H and D are H2O, HDO, D2O. If tritium is included in the equation, three other forms can be produced, specifically HTO, DTO, T2O. Tritium doesn't exist for long in nature so let's ignore it for now.

So it is not very inaccurate to say that all the water you have ever seen or drunk, or washed or swum in was almost all H2O, but that one molecule in 6400 was HDO. There is so little D2O in nature that we need not worry at all about the health hazards associated with drinking pure heavy water.

If we want to increase the concentration of D in the water and to make significant amounts of D2O, we have to 'trick it', and one way to do that is to use another molecule containing hydrogen. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) are both commonly used but for simplicity I will just describe the use of the former of these two.

Less than 100 years ago, two people spotted that if you bubble hydrogen sulphide through hot water (say 130 degrees celsius, at high pressure to prevent it boiling), the deuterium can be made to jump from the HDO molecules into the H2S to make HDS. They also noticed that in colder water (say 30 degrees celsius) the deuterium tends to jump the other way to make HDO or D2O. They carefully explored how this property changed as they varied the temperature and the end result was the Geib-Spevack (GS) process. The process was industrialised by a North American company called Girdler, and no doubt there was ill feeling about admitting that the inventors were German at the time, because the company quietly made sure that it mutated the apparent meaning of 'GS' to 'Girlder Sulfide'. In the English-speaking parts of the world, that name has prevailed. (Although I know a lot of Germans, none of them have admitted to me that they know about industrial processes to separate deuterium so I can't confirm what they call it.)

Girdler Sulphide process (annotated in Greek) but still useful to and English speaking audience wanting to understand how heavywater is produced.


GS process (annotated in Greek) but still useful to an English speaking audience (from here)

By circulating the hydrogen sulfide through hot and cold water continuously, you can deplete the deuterium from the hot water and concentrate it in the cold water. This sounds easy enough, and you might think it could be engineered properly to ensure that it doesn't take a huge amount of energy, but there are a few practical difficulties. For a start, hydrogen sulphide is toxic, so you have to be very careful with it. (Ammonia is not much better by the way.) Secondly, the physics only works for you until the concentration of deuterium reaches about 30% (limit), and for most practical purposes not much more than 20%. After that you can wait as long as you like, but you won't improve it further.

Still - looking at it positively, you have concentrated the deuterium from 155 parts per million to more that one part in five. That's not a bad start!

To go further than this, you have to change tactics and use a process known as vacuum distillation to do what nature does in the lakes I mentioned earlier - but to do it better.

Read more here....

[mang kulas]

Putting this up. Asa man ka ani dapita?

Video is 40+ minutes long ... unya na nako ni tan-awn sa balay.

If you don't mind, may we know what was your job description while working in that rig? I hope it has nothing to do with a welding gun.

awwwww! nagtoo ko kabaw naka? just watch the dox.... nevermind looking for me. mka ila palang ka naku, swerte ra kaayu ka.

basta tan.aw nlng mu nice watch na para sad madungagan na inyong pagka insultador ug naa moy bag.ong ma diskobre

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naa untay rules dri sa istorya noh na link nlng kay kapoy kaayu basa ug scroll anang mga copy paste. tapulan man gud q mubasa bro tapulan sad q mu type.

and one thing mao nay gitawag ug TRABAHO sa mga TUNAY na LALAKI( SATURATION DIVING/SUBSEA ENGR)
dili parehas anang cge lag apong ug tawag unya cge lag atubang sa INTERNET(BOOGLE)