HELP!!Mga bro and sis.. gikan ko sa IM/Gastro ghpon og iya examine ako tiya tanan-tanan then iya findings kay Tension or Anxiety ra ako gipamate.. karon kay gitagaan ko ani niya nga tambal nga dili basta2x mapalit w/o prescription.. mao ni ako tambal nga wala pa nko sugdi kay mahadlok mn ko after nako giresearch ui VALIUM (DIAEPAM).. kinsa'y nakatumar ani?ingon sila much better magyoga or anything nga ma focus ko sa lain butang. kysa ani tambala kay highly addictive og fatal daw kaayo ni.. mao ni ako mga naresearch aii..
PRESCRIBED FOR: Diazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Diazepam also is used for the treatment of agitation, tremors, delirium, seizures, and hallucinations resulting from alcohol withdrawal. It is used for the treatment of seizures and relief of muscle spasms in some neurological diseases.
SIDE EFFECTS: The most frequent side effects of diazepam are drowsiness, fatigue, and ataxia (loss of balance). Rarely, diazepam causes a paradoxical reaction with excitability, muscle spasm, lack of sleep, and rage. Confusion, depression, speech problems, and double vision are also rare side effects of diazepam.
Diazepam can lead to addiction (dependency), especially when higher dosages are used over prolonged periods of time. In patients addicted to diazepam or after prolonged use, abrupt discontinuation of the medicine may cause symptoms of withdrawal (insomnia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, sweating, anxiety, and fatigue). Seizures can occur in more severe cases of withdrawal. Therefore, after extended use, diazepam should be slowly tapered under a doctor's supervision rather than abruptly stopping the medication.
Contraindications:
Use of diazepam should be avoided, when possible, in individuals with the following conditions:[34]
Ataxia
Severe hypoventilation
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
Severe hepatic deficiencies (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis decrease elimination by a factor of two)
Severe renal deficiencies (for example, patients on dialysis)
Liver disorders
Severe respiratory disorders
Severe sleep apnea
Severe depression, particularly when accompanied by suicidal tendencies
Psychosis
Pregnancy or breast feeding
Caution required in elderly or debilitated patients
Coma or shock
Abrupt discontinuation of therapy
Acute intoxication with alcohol, narcotics, or other psychoactive substances (with the exception of some hallucinogens and/or stimulants, where it is occasionally used as a treatment for overdose)
History of alcohol or drug dependence
Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder causing marked fatiguability
Hypersensitivity or allergy to any drug in the benzodiazepine class
Adverse effects
Adverse effects of benzodiazepines such as diazepam include anterograde amnesia and confusion (especially pronounced in higher doses) and sedation. The elderly are more prone to adverse effects of diazepam, such as confusion, amnesia, ataxia and hangover effects, as well as falls. Long-term use of benzodiazepines such as diazepam is associated with tolerance, benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.[4] Like other benzodiazepines, diazepam can impair short-term memory and learning of new information. While benzodiazepine drugs such as diazepam can cause anterograde amnesia, they do not cause retrograde amnesia; information learned before using benzodiazepines is not impaired. Tolerance to the cognitive-impairing effects of benzodiazepines does not tend to develop with long-term use, and the elderly are more sensitive to them.[41] Additionally after cessation of benzodiazepines cognitive deficits may persist for at least six months; it is unclear whether these impairments take longer than six months to abate or if they are permanent. Benzodiazepines may also cause or worsen depression.[4] Infusions or repeated intravenous injections of diazepam when managing seizures for example may lead to drug toxicity, including respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension. Tolerance may also develop to infusions of diazepam if it is given for longer than 24 hours.[4] Adverse effects such as sedation, benzodiazepine dependence and abuse potential limit the use of benzodiazepines.[42]
Diazepam has a range of side effects common to most benzodiazepines, including:
Suppression of REM sleep
Impaired motor function
Impaired coordination
Impaired balance
Dizziness and nausea
Depression[43]
Reflex tachycardia[44]
Less commonly, paradoxical side effects can occur, including nervousness, irritability, excitement, worsening of seizures, insomnia, muscle cramps, changes in libido and in some cases, rage and violence. These adverse reactions are more likely to occur in children, the elderly, and individuals with a history of drug or alcohol abuse and or aggression.[4][45][46][47] Diazepam may increase, in some people, the propensity toward self-harming behaviours and, in extreme cases, may provoke suicidal tendencies or acts.[48] Very rarely dystonia can occur.[49]
Diazepam may impair the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery. The impairment is worsened by consumption of alcohol, because both act as central nervous system depressants.[28]
During the course of therapy, tolerance to the sedative effects usually develops, but not to the anxiolytic and myorelaxant effects.[50]
Patients with severe attacks of apnea during sleep may suffer respiratory depression (hypoventilation), leading to respiratory arrest and death.
Diazepam in doses of 5 mg or more causes significant deterioration in alertness performance combined with increased feelings of sleepiness.[51]
Overdose
Main article: Benzodiazepine overdose
An individual who has consumed too much diazepam will typically display one or more of the following symptoms in a period of approximately four hours immediately following a suspected overdose:[28][62]
Drowsiness
Mental confusion
Hypotension
Impaired motor functions
Impaired reflexes
Impaired coordination
Impaired balance
Dizziness
Coma
Although not usually fatal when taken alone, a diazepam overdose is considered a medical emergency and generally requires the immediate attention of medical personnel. The antidote for an overdose of diazepam (or any other benzodiazepine) is flumazenil (Anexate). This drug is only used in cases with severe respiratory depression or cardiovascular complications. Because flumazenil is a short-acting drug, and the effects of diazepam can last for days, several doses of flumazenil may be necessary. Artificial respiration and stabilization of cardiovascular functions may also be necessary. Although not routinely indicated, activated charcoal can be used for decontamination of the stomach following a diazepam overdose. Emesis is contraindicated. Dialysis is minimally effective. Hypotension may be treated with levarterenol or metaraminol.[12][28][62][63]
The oral LD50 (lethal dose in 50% of the population) of diazepam is 720 mg/kg in mice and 1240 mg/kg in rats.[28] D. J. Greenblatt and colleagues reported in 1978 on two patients who had taken 500 and 2000 mg of diazepam, respectively, went into moderately deep comas, and were discharged within 48 hours without having experienced any important complications, in spite of having high concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites, esmethyldiazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam; according to samples taken in the hospital and as follow-up.[64]
Overdoses of diazepam with alcohol, opiates and/or other depressants may be fatal.[63][65]
An Australian study has found people who take sleeping pills or antianxiety medications are more dangerous on the roads than drunk drivers.[66]
HELP!!!
mahadlok ko mo inom ani tambala!!!
ang akong kahadlokan kay magwild raba daw ko masuko ingon ako wife unya basin mo grabeh noon ko..