post lang nako under a new thread ni para ma aware ato mga kababayan sa reality sa pinas..
Overpopulation in Manila, the Philippines
Too many people. Too little space.
With every passing second, there are more and more of us. By the year 2050, the global population is expected to pass nine billion people, a significant increase from the six-and-a-half billion today. In the Philippines, they are already running out of space. The capital of Manila is one of the largest and most densely populated cities in the world.
Text and photos by Mads Nissen
In a corner of the Northern cemetery, Venanjo Sison is standing on top of a coffin and taking a bath. Like many other of Manila’s residents, he is forced to live wherever he can. His home is made of wooden planks and scrap pieces of plastic. The Philippine capital is one of the most overpopulated places on earth. There are few other areas where so many people live so closely together: On average there are 41,282 people per square kilometre, but in some slum regions there are as many as 88,000 people living per square kilometre.
The worlds overpopulation is a growing and complex problem. But for the residents of Manila the result is quite simple. They are running out of space. Families live in home-made shacks built in cemeteries, or between railroad tracks or under bridges. They live wherever they can find some space. Even the city’s toxic garbage dumps are home to people who eat, sleep and live surrounded by rotting trash. With so many residents, the city’s resources are strained to the limit. Large parts of Manila’s 11 million residents lack clean drinking water, work, and access to healthcare and education.
The Santo Niño slums are home to thousands of these families. Among them are Bhong Esponilla, 33, and his wife, Charito Esponilla, 33, and their seven children. All of them live together in a tiny four-by-four meter home built with scrap pieces of wood and stone and a large wax tablecloth. There is just enough room for the entire family to lie down and sleep at night.
According to the United Nations development program UNDP, overpopulation and poverty often go hand-in-hand. The poorest families are the ones who have the most children and subsequently have to support more people with fewer resources. Before they even reach adolescence, the children are doomed to a life of hereditary poverty.
Charito Esponilla’s dream is to give her children an education. That is what his neighbour, with only two children has done. But the Esponilla family can’t afford to send their children to school. As it is, they have a hard time making ends meet and when the family runs out of money, they are forced to live on the charity of neighbours.
”Our neighbours are so sweet,” explains Charito Esponilla, while she washes children’s clothes in three large buckets of laundry. ”Sometimes they give us a little rice, but a lot of the time they are short on food just like us. Then we have no other choice but to go hungry to bed. On those nights, it’s very hard to fall asleep. The children cry and wake me all night long. But I don’t have anything to give them. What can I do?”
Even though Charito Esponilla loves her seven children, she doesn’t want any more. Like most other Filipinos she doesn’t use contraceptives, and never has. She has considered the birth-control pill, but she doesn’t know much about them and is afraid of what they might do to her body.
According to Dr. Emily Bernardo, a lack of information is one of the leading causes of overpopulation in the Philippines. Bernardo is the leader of a family-planning unit at the public José Fabella Hospital in Manila.
”The poorest social groups are incredibly ignorant. They don’t even know how a woman becomes pregnant. Some of them believe they are infertile while they are still breast-feeding their new-borns and others have never even heard of prevention or contraceptives. Others still are terrified of unknown side effects. That’s why women keep having more children, even though they neither want to nor have the economic means to provide for them.”
But powerful forces are working against Dr. Emily Bernardo and the centre for family planning. The Catholic Church, the most dominant religion in the country, is against abortion, sterilisation and all other forms of contraception. The church is also an opponent of sexual education. Instead, the local priests encourage women to try and guess their egg cycle in order to prevent pregnancy. As a devoutly religious country, the church has considerable influence on government policy and has succeeded in a reduction of government campaigns on pregnancy-prevention and sexual education.
The increasing religious and political pressure has a direct effect on Dr. Emily Bernardo’s work. ”The responsibility for slowing overpopulation has been moved from the government to the local municipalities, and as a result there is no longer a national plan for combating this problem. We are the last public hospital in Manila that still offers counselling in prevention and family planning. All other public hospitals have had their programs cut by the devoutly religious mayor.”
Local health organisations like the Reproductive Health Advocacy Network have criticised the lack of information available. They want more information and a national plan of action against overpopulation. Essentially, their demands are the same as the UN’s development program, which recommends three solutions for slowing the rapid rise in population. Poverty reduction, education and reproductive counselling, which includes information about contraceptives.
While the debate rages between the church and health organisations, the population keeps growing. Today, more than 90 million people live in Manila. By 2050, it will be twice as many.
FACT-BOX: Overpopulation in the Philippines
• The Philippines are a series of islands in South East Asia. The population is primarily made up of Roman Catholics and is led by the publicly elected president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. She has admitted to personally using birth-control pills earlier in her life, but refuses to recommend the use of contraceptives.
• The country is a former American colony and is still has close ties to the USA.
• The Philippines has a population of approximately 90 million, with more than 11 million living in the capital of Manila.
• The Philippines is the 12th most populated country in the world.
• In 1970, the government realised it had to act to slow population growth and launched the Philippines Population Program (POPCOM) and later the National Family Planning Program. Critics complain that the programs are no longer a government priority and have lost their effectiveness and are calling for a revitalised attempt to control overpopulation.
• There is no sexual education in public schools. Most people have little knowledge about pregnancy and prevention.
• The Catholic Church in the Philippines preaches against abortion and all forms of contraception and family planning programs.
• Abortion is illegal in the Philippines, yet it is estimated that every year more than 400,000 illegal abortions are performed.
• Poverty and overpopulation are closely connected. Poor families often have the most children.
• In the next 30 years, the population of the world’s cities is expected to triple. In the next 15 years, 18 of the world’s 27 mega-cities (more than 10 million inhabitants) will be in Asia, where half of the residents live in slum-like conditions.
Sources: CIA, UN/ UNDP, World Bank, POPCOM.
kamo na judge ani nga article and create your own conclusions..
somthing mka pa siga sa inyo mata
Originally Posted by edshark
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