@onins, in cases of annullment where the decision of the lower court has become become final, usually but not all cases, nabayaran ang solicitor general dats y di muabot sa higher court...in all cases involving doubts to the validity or annullment of marriage, doubt should be resolved in favor of the marriage...2nd issue: violence, threats, undue influence etc... are grounds for annullment but subject to certain conditions..though constitutionaly, the supreme court does not take direct cognizance of annullment cases except on certiorari; reviewing the judgement rendered/decisions of the lower courts (CA, RTC, etc) which obviously includes annulment cases brought before it..as to why i considered the authority of the supreme court notwithstanding the authority of the lower courts is just to , emphasize the principle of "stare decisis et quieta non movere", a principle in law which is adherence to precendents for the purpose of stability in law..to explain further, a decision made by the highest court of the land serves as the decision involving the same facts to which all other courts must adhere.though SC decisions are not laws, xxxx...Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the constitution shall form part of the legal system of the philippines.(Article 8, new Civil Code)..to explain finally, those shotgun wedding etc you mentioned are not the exact language/words used in the law, i find it hard to relate those words as to what provision it applies because there is no such thing as "shotgun wedding" in the language of the law; article 45(4) might be the applicable provision...5 years prescription period or unless the spouses freely cohabited w/ each other after the occurence of the cause...lastly, lower court decisions no matter how sound they are not jurisprudence..



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