For me I can give you my answer pro mag hulat ko sa t/s .. I am not a theologian and also not very knowledgeable about the catholic doctrine but I can also share my limited knowledge about the doctrine. I believe all practices and doctrine are biblical. Let me also clarify that
Jesus didn't not create a religion but he created a church through Peter and that church is Catholic/universal. If you want to know this thing you should consult history of Christianity. Kining mga butanga dili haka haka o myth o imbento lang kun dili nahitabo ni sa history ug kini nga study gitawag
Historicity.
I will share this to introduce Catholicism is the first and only Church mentioned by Jesus in the bible. Jesus didn't create Churches but created only one Church.
Historicity is the quality of being part of recorded history and the quality of being part of history as opposed to being ahistorical myth or legend. In this definition Catholicism is the only apostolic church ordained to preach the good news starting from the time Jesus gave the authority to his apostles, the Pentecost , and up to this present generation. Pentecost was when Ten days after Jesus ascended into heaven, the twelve apostles, Jesus' mother and family, and many other of His disciples gathered together in Jerusalem for the Jewish harvest festival that was celebrated on the fiftieth day of Passover. While they were indoors praying, a sound like that of a rushing wind filled the house and tongues of fire descended and rested over each of their heads. This was the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on human flesh promised by God through the prophet Joel (Joel 2:28-29). The disciples were suddenly empowered to proclaim the gospel of the risen Christ. They went out into the streets of Jerusalem and began preaching to the crowds gathered for the festival. Not only did the disciples preach with boldness and vigor, but by a miracle of the Holy Spirit they spoke in the native languages of the people present, many who had come from all corners of the Roman Empire. This created a sensation. The apostle Peter seized the moment and addressed the crowd, preaching to them about Jesus' death and resurrection for the forgiveness of sins. The result was that about three thousand converts were baptized that day. (You can read the Biblical account of Pentecost in Acts 2:1-41). History tell us that Catholic Church is not a product of protest but can be traced back from the Early Christians.
Now many would question why it is named as Catholic when early Christians and sects followed the teachings of Christ didn't have name and they didn't even called the early church as Catholic especially Roman Catholic. Some Protestant usually says that Roman Catholic was just an invention by a powerful Roman Empire named Constantine. If we study history of early Christians they actually didn't have a formal name of their church because at that time they just witnessed Christ as their savior and united as one believer as the early Christians who witnessed Christ saving gift on the Cross. Now the time came when some heretical teachings and groups tried to break and opposed the true teaching of Christ and some even considered Christ was just a man, and some groups mentioned that the only way to be saved is not to marry nor eat any meat. These groups and heretical teachings particularly the gnostic heresies were even mentioned in the bible by Paul but let us reserve this topic for a deep exegetical study. It is now generally believed that the evidence suggests that Gnosticism was a Jewish movement which subsequently reacted to Christianity or that Gnosticism emerged directly in reaction to Christianity. The name "Christian gnostic" came to represent a segment of the Early Christian community that believed that salvation lay not in merely worshiping Christ, but in psychic or pneumatic souls learning to free themselves from the material world via the revelation. (source Wikipedia). Now that was the time Catholicism came to a rescue to name the true church as Catholic to separate the true church from the heretical movements at that time. Take note early Christians and Catholics were the same people and the true believers of Christ God as savior and God. That was the time Ignatius of Antioch as considered by theologian as an earliest surviving witness wrote letter to Christians in Smyrna around 106 to the use of the term Catholic Church to warn the Christians of this heretical movements . Ignatius considered that certain heretics of his time (gnosticism), who disavowed that Jesus was a material being who actually suffered and died, saying instead that "he only seemed to suffer" (Smyrnaeans), were not really Christians. In other sects they just simply considered Christ as a mere man contrary to the true teaching that Jesus is both man and God. The history of ecclesiastical use of "catholic" followed and supported by these early Christians ; Cyril of Jerusalem, Theodosius I, Augustine of Hippo, and St Vincent of Lerins. Again with these time line , lineage, and continuity of the true Church are not pure speculation but a hard facts based on recorded history that even the founder of protestant Church didn't bother to deny. Again let me reiterate the original Church is not a product from protest or product from gullible people who read bible and interpreted it privately and then decided to create their own religion but with valid historical fact with time line, historicity, and lineage traced back from Christ to Peter up to the Popes in this generation. In this case we can say that bible alone doctrine or logic is flawed because the correct understanding of the bible must consider the historical facts and proper understanding of the text we called historical/grammatical method.