Adolescent Health and Sexual Activity: Research Findings
Statistics in Brief
Moira Gaul, M.P.H.
http://www.frc.org/get.cfm?i=IS08L01
The following research, statistics, and talking points broach the topics of dating violence, adolescent and women's health, and statutory rape. Abstinence-centered education serves to equip youth with skills and information to enable healthy relationships and avoid destructive health behaviors which can cause both physical and emotional harm.
I. Dating Violence statistics from Web MD:
"Abuse in dating relationships is common among teens. In the United States, 33% of teens report some kind of abuse and 12% report physical abuse (1)
Teen dating abuse is like domestic violence in adults in that it also is a pattern of abusive behavior used to control another person. Teen dating abuse can include emotional or mental abuse, sexual abuse, and physical abuse.
Like adult domestic violence, teen relationship abuse affects all types of teens, regardless of their how much money their parents make, what their grades are, how they look or dress, their religion, or their race. Teen relationship abuse occurs in heterosexual, gay, and lesbian relationships.
Unlike adult domestic violence in which women are more often the victim, in teen relationship abuse both boys and girls report abuse about equally. However, boys tend to start the violence more often and use greater force. (2)
Sometimes teens do not have the experience or maturity to recognize that they are involved in an abusive relationship.
Relationship abuse not only poses direct dangers for teens but also puts them at risk for other problems. Teens who experience violent relationship abuse are more likely to take sexual risks, do poorly in school, and use drugs and alcohol. Girls are at higher risk for pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and suicide attempts. (2)
Sexually active females are 5 times more likely to be victimized by dating violence than girls who are abstinent. (3)
For females, recent dating violence is a primary cause of attempted suicide. A 2007 published study reported that from data collected from over 8,000 students in New York City high schools in 2005, girls who have been physically abused by a boyfriend are 60 percent more likely to attempt suicide than those who have not. (Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Mental Health Association cite that suicide rates for teens have tripled since 1960 -- making it the third leading cause of adolescent death and the second cause among college students). (4)
- Halpern CT, et al. (2001). Partner violence among adolescents in opposite-*** romantic relationships: Findings from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. American Journal of Public Health, 91(10): 1679-1685.
References:
- Roberts TA, Klein J (2003). Intimate partner abuse and high-risk behavior in adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 157(4): 375-380.
- www.webmd.com, Pediatrics, August 8, 2004.
- Olshen E, et al. (June 2007) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
II. Women's Health statistics:
1 in 4 women will be the victim of a sexual assault sometime during her life.
Sexual violence is both a public health problem and a human rights violation. (1)
The World Bank estimates 9.5 million disability-adjusted years (DALYS) are lost to women ages 15-44 due to rape and domestic violence. This is more than the DALYS lost to women from all types of cancer. (1)
Sexual assault can create physical and mental health problems: post traumatic stress disorders, substance abuse issues, and many other struggles. (1)
Sexually active females are 5 times more likely to be victimized by dating violence than girls who are abstinent. (2)
References:
- "How to Screen Your patients for Sexual Assault: A Guide for health care Professionals," Florida Council against Sexual Violence, Tallahassee, Florida, 2002.
- www.webmd.com, Pediatrics, August 8, 2004.
III Statutory Rape Crime Statistics (all statistics reported from, "Statutory Rape Crime Relationships between Juveniles and Adults: A Review of Social Scientific Research," Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12 [2007] 300-314.)
An analysis of the national Incident-based Reporting System (NIBRS) data from 21 states from 1996 through 2000 reported:
Of the 7,557 statutory rape incidents reported to law enforcement, 95 percent involved female victims with male offenders.
About 60 percent of the female adolescents were aged 14 or 15.
The median age difference between the female adolescent and the male was six years.
Approximately 45 percent of the male participants were age 21 or over, 25 percent were age 24 or older.
"The studies generally show that the relationships with adults and older partners comprise a large percentage of all sexual relationships for girls of a younger age. A number of factors may contribute to this: The younger a girl is when she begins engaging in sexual activity, the more likely she is to be a risk taker, have poorer judgment, or come to early initiation through a history of sexual abuse that would orient her toward older partners."
TALKING POINTS:
- Abstinence education teaches and equips teens with skills to practice both abstinence and build healthy relationships. The current prevalence of violence in teen dating requires education to reverse negative cultural trends. A 2004 Heritage Foundation study, "Comprehensive *** Education vs. Authentic Abstinence Education: A Study of Competing Curricula," clearly demonstrates that leading contraceptive-based or so-called abstinence-plus *** education programs do not contain an emphasis of program content directed towards enabling the practice of risk avoidance or abstinent behaviors and the building of healthy relationships. In this study, content or quantitative analysis was performed on nine major comprehensive *** education/"abstinence plus" curricula and nine major authentic abstinence programs. The results showed that authentic abstinence programs devoted 53 percent of page content to abstinence-related material, and 17 percent to subjects of healthy relationships and marriage. In contrast, the comprehensive curricula devoted 4.7 percent of page content to abstinence, and zero percent to healthy relationships and marriage.
- Authentic abstinence education teaches about healthy relationships as well as good skills for practicing abstinent behaviors. Teaching the skills to practice this behavior is the goal of abstinence-centered education.
- Not teaching and equipping youth, particularly young women or girls, with the appropriate refusal and communication skills in today's culture can place them at risk for the initiation and/or perpetuation of dating violence and abuse.
Moira Gaul is director of women's and reproductive health at the Family Research Council. She has a Master of Public Health degree with an emphasis in maternal and child health.
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