Diseases Unique to Pigs
While many domesticated animals (including cows, sheep, and poultry) are capable of infecting humans with disease, Dr. Darwish says that pigs are unique in that they "harbor almost all the diseases that [can] be transmitted from animal to man." This is, he says, "unlike other species, where each [can] transmit only some of these diseases." According to Dr. Darwish, pig diseases may be parasitic, bacterial, or viral.
"The virulence of the disease in pigs is much more than [that of] other animals,"Dr. Darwish said, explaining the difference between two strains of Taenia (tapeworm) present in both cows and pigs.
The species saginata (cow Taenia) "can be expelled through diarrhea and [can] respond well to drugs," Dr. Darwish says. The species solium (pig Taenia) "is more virulent, can resist treatment, and can't be easily washed [out] by drugs causing diarrhea. [The species] saginata sticks itself to human mucosa through suckers, while solium has [both] suckers and hooks and is carcinogenic. If it reaches the brain, spinal cord, or heart, it may be very dangerous," Dr. Darwish adds.
Some diseases associated with swine occur when people touch or consume raw or improperly cooked pork products, while other infections can be transmitted by being in close contact with pigs, drinking water contaminated with their urine, or even inhaling soil that contains particles of pig waste. It is not always obvious when a pig is ill or infected with a particular type of bacteria - thus, it is considered unwise to touch pigs or handle them without taking certain precautions (Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
At highest risk for disease are those who handle swine on a regular basis, especially those who work in farms or in slaughterhouses and those who work as veterinarians. "If we [in vet medicine] find even one [tapeworm] cyst on the carcass of a pig, we exterminate the whole [carcass]," Dr. Darwish says, highlighting the dangers of these cysts to people working in the field of animal research.
i hope bashahon jud ni ninyo...I had my second thoughts basin dili ninyo basahon kapoy kapoyt lang ko ug post but bahala na...
kung gusto jud mo makahibalo basaha...
The following is a partial list of zoonoses (animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans) related to swine:
Balantidiasis. This condition is caused by the Balantidium coli (B. coli) protozoan, which is found primarily in the intestine and cecum (the cavity in which the large intestine begins) of a normal pig. When B. coli is expelled to the outside world through a pig's feces, the organisms form spherical cysts, and these latter remain infectious for long periods of time. These cysts often find their way into the water supply and may be consumed by humans, causing mild-to-severe colitis and symptoms, such as bloody, watery diarrhea, nausea, vomition, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, headache, and severe loss of fluids (Animal Reservoir of Balantidium coli; Balantidium coli; Chijide; Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Brucellosis. This is a disease caused by the bacteria Brucella suis (B. suis). In pigs, brucellosis causes abortions, infertility, and joint infections, though symptoms are often absent. The disease is passed to humans through direct contact with an infected pig's tissues, bodily fluids, and aborted fetuses. For humans, it is a life-threatening disease that causes severe fever, disabling lesions of the spine, and sterility (from testicular infections). Survivors of brucellosis will require lifelong antibiotic treatment (Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Campylobacteriosis. The Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) bacteria found in pig waste are a major source of enteritis (inflammation of the intestine) and diarrhea in humans. In most cases, campylobacteriosis is passed to humans when a handler of swine fails to wash his or her hands after coming into contact with a pig having diarrhea infected with the bacteria.
Three times more common than Salmonella, C. jejuni has also been associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome, a potentially fatal disease characterized by pain and paralysis that start in the legs and move upwards toward the face (Zoonotic Disease Prevention; Campylobacter jejuni; Rees).
Colibacillosis. This is a disease caused by various strains of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. In pigs, it is characterized by neurological symptoms and edema (swelling) of the eyelids, neck, or belly. Transmission to humans occurs when handling infected pigs or coming into contact with their wastes or body tissues. E. coli infections in humans are potentially fatal; they cause profuse and watery diarrhea, abdominal colic, and vomition (Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Cysticercosis. This is a disease that occurs when Taenia solium (tapeworm) larvae enter the body of a person and form cysts. Transmission takes place when people swallow pork tapeworm eggs, which are found in the feces of infected individuals. Once a tapeworm egg hatches inside the stomach, worms penetrate the intestine and enter the bloodstream, where they develop cysts in the brain (causing neurocysticercosis), muscles, or eyes.
Symptoms depend on the location of the cysts. People with cysticercosis may feel lumps under their skin or experience seizures, headaches, or mental confusion. They may experience swelling of the brain, have balance problems, or suffer from blurry vision or detached retinas. This is a dangerous and potentially fatal disease that is often difficult to diagnose (Cysticercosis).
Erysipelas. This is a disease caused by the bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In pigs, the symptoms are high fever, infected joints, and distinctive diamond-shaped skin lesions that can be as wide as four inches across. Transmission to humans occurs through direct contact with pigs, including their waste and body tissues.
Humans with erysipelas may experience — in addition to skin lesions — damage to the heart valves and sudden death if the bacteria spread in the blood. Like pigs, humans with this disease may experience arthritic changes because of joint infections (Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Leptospirosis. This is caused by the Leptospira interrogans bacteria and is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. Pigs may harbor large quantities of the bacteria in their urine, and the disease is usually transferred to humans through contact with water, food, or soil that contain affected urine.
In humans, symptoms of leptospirosis often begin with fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomition. They include jaundice, red eyes, diarrhea, or a rash. In rare cases, the disease may also go into a second phase known as Weil's disease, which can lead to kidney failure, liver failure, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), or respiratory distress.
Additionally, some victims of leptospirosis also experience psychological symptoms, such as depression, and may hallucinate or become confused or aggressive. Leptospirosis can take up to several months to be treated and may lead to death in some cases (Leptospirosis; Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Trichinosis. This disease is caused by the hairlike worms Trichinella spiralis, which circulate within a pig's body. In the US, these worms are most commonly found in the country's hog-producing regions. While the worms are not usually a problem for pigs, they are very dangerous to humans who contract the disease through handling raw pig meat and eating undercooked pork and homemade pork products, such as sausage.
Pigs get the disease primarily from eating uncooked meat scraps in garbage or "table" scraps.Far from eradicated, trichinosis is reported in thousands of cases each year (up to 600 cases in Thailand alone). Some experts believe that it should be classified as an emerging (or reemerging) disease because of its widespread presence in previously unaffected areas of the world.
At its worst, trichinosis can cause myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and death (Arnold; Trichinosis; Zoonotic Disease Prevention).
Yersiniosis. This is a disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica). The primary route of transmission to humans is through pigs and the consumption of raw or undercooked pork products. Chitterlings (a dish of pork intestines that is popular in southern US) are especially considered risky.
Young children are more likely to contract yersiniosis than adults. They usually experience fever, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. In rare cases, the disease may become more serious and include complications such as rashes, joint pains, and a spread of bacteria in the bloodstream (Yersinia enterocolitica).
According to a paper in a journal of the University of Zarka, Jordan, on the topic of swine prohibition in Islam, pigs themselves are susceptible to more than 450 diseases and are capable of transmitting 57 known parasitic diseases to humans.
Pigs are capable of transmitting a number of bacterial diseases to humans, such as tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis (which has been associated with schizophrenia), and mycoplasmosis (which may cause pneumonia). Pigs can also transmit viruses, such as the virus causing Japanese encephalitis, the Nipah virus, and the one causing the Ross River fever.
Pigs can also transmit ailments caused by protozoa, worms, and insects. The above list is therefore inexhaustive and does not even begin to mention the role of swine in avian flu and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Such connections are still not fully understood but are the subject of much interest and research around the world (Mahmoud).
Sources:
"Animal Reservoir of Balantidium coli." Stanford University. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
Arnold, L. Kristian. "Trichinosis." eMedicine. 28 Mar. 2005. Accessed 6 Oct. 2007.
"Balantidium coli." The Pig Site. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
"Campylobacter jejuni." Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
Chijide, Valda M. and Keith F Woeltje. "Balantidiasis." eMedicine. 5 Feb. 2007. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
"Cysticercosis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 Oct. 2003. Accessed 4 Oct. 2007.
"Leptospirosis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 12 Oct. 2005. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
Mahmoud, Fahmi Mustafa and Nurhana Ibrahim Abdullah. "Pork Prohibition: A Miracle of the Holy Qur'an." Zarka Private University.
Rees, Jeremy H., et al."Campylobacter jejuni Infection and Guillain–Barré Syndrome." The New England Journal of Medicine 333.21 (1995): 1374–1379. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
"Trichinosis." CNN International. 21 Feb. 2006. Accessed 6 Oct. 2007.
"Yersinia enterocolitica." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 25 Oct. 2005. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
"Zoonotic Disease Prevention." The University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. 23 June 2006. Accessed 17 Sep. 2007.
credit goes to....
Amel Abdullah, a freelance writer and the managing editor of Our Rising Star, a bimonthly magazine packed with Islamic knowledge, community news, and informative articles for today's Muslim family.
i love pork, but dili pud maayo nga mag-cge lang pud pork, basig ma-advance ang atong pagpanaw
OT lami jud ang litson ganiha sa cnt![]()
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