first and foremost, swetoha and software imo gamit. for example some games are cpu dependent others are gpu.
so cpu/gpu una nato tukion. usually cpu(cpu scaling) is tested by lowering the graphic settings to the lowest as well as the resolution. this should give you the maximum fps your cpu can pump out. as you increase the resolution and/or the setting incrementally, the "bottleneck" should slowly transfer sa gpu. when you start getting lower fps than what you got with your cpu, you have shifted the "bottleneck" to the gpu.
to be clear, ako gi butangan ug "" ang "bottleneck" to emphasize ra. when you test for cpu scaling, you could still be getting 100fps but its is still the "bottleneck" since mao ra na iya masupply na fps. when you turn on your settings your fps would dip below 100fps, you know na ang gpu na ang bottleneck since it cant supply you 100fps that the cpu is pumping out.
for better or worse, its all about what you consider acceptable gains/losses for fps.
as for the other components, unless you really have an outdated rig, or your software has specific needs, ram/hd/lanes/buses are limited to today's technology. goes without saying you need to set it up right. (ie. sata3 ssd on sata3 interface, fastest stable ram clocks, etc.) outside of this, performance should be negligible.
i will say tho 8gb of ram seems to be right at the moment. pero trend, as it is will always go higher. i think that time is now.
you will not see a bottleneck sa imo HD if you have sufficient ram. try playing with 4 or 2gb or ram and your HD will become the bottleneck, regardless if naka ssd ka. as for installing, saving and copying files(basically involving writing to HD), wala natay mahimo ana since write speeds seems to be the weakest link sa pc so far. huwat lang ta someday makaimbento ug fast write speeds.