Filipino Martial Arts

[jIrIcO]

Yes thats good Idea yung instrumental sounds na yon WINGMODE

Hay thanks at salamat sa Diyos na hindi pala ako nag iisa and im sure mari mga ganito hindi lang sila nakasali ditona forum,,,,,na Sytyle or techniques yes!talaga nawawala yan sa tournament yung mga 1-100 na counting they just make fun of their students kasi instructor sila at talagang na degrade talaga ang ating art. Ako ang tutuo lang Mga well known itong mga grupo e midyo may pag political or commercial ang dating nila . sa ng friends ko SOS

sory people this bad words pero "same old shit" meaning wat hapen of our History -repeat it self.

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1740-1749).

1740 –

England: Figg died in 1740 and George Taylor one of his pupils succeeded his championship. Jack Broughton, who is the father of “boxing rules�, succeeded Taylor.

Accdg to Krishna K. Godhania (Western Boxing vs. Filipino Boxing, two similar but distinct arts?): Early boxing (1740 - 1780) was somewhat crude and highly individual. Footwork was meager, the only individual to have used it to any great extent during this period - was Ned Hunt - a pupil of Broughton (the father of modern boxing). Broughton was extremely proficient at body punching - and the solar plexus, was often referred to as Broughton's "mark". During this period, chops with the hammer-fist and swings were widely used. Defense was essentially guarding with the forearm. The forearms were used to deflect straight punches and to block swings and chops. Counter attacks called "returns" were made after the initial attack was complete. Straight punches using a modified fencing lunge - so as to throw the body's weight into the punch - were known from the earliest period. The stance was the same as that of English singlestick play - which many boxers of this period cross-trained in.

1741 –

1742 –

Ireland: Easter. Handel's Messiah first performed in Dublin, Ireland.

1743 –

Aug: Sultan Mohammed Amirudin appealed to Emperor Qian Long to include the territory and inhabitants of Sulu as part of China. The document was translated into the Chinese classic language.

Sultanate of Sulu: Ma Guang Min, Chinese merchant in Sulu, appointed as envoy to China.

England:The Broughton Rules in boxing curtailed the kicking, striking etc of downed opponents and prohibited grappling attacks below the waist.

1744 –

Bohol: Dagohoy Revolt. Francisco Dagohoy led the longest revolt against the Spaniards in Philippine history. The revolt took the Spaniards 85 years (1744-1829) to quell.Â* Forced labor was one of the causes of the revolt. But what triggered the decision to rise up in arms against the Spanish authorities in Bohol was the refusal of a Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to Dagohoy’s brother. This eighty-five year revolt left over 20,000 Filipino followers under their own government in Bohol. These revolutions were all led and backed by men and women skilled in the “ancientâ€� Filipino martial arts of kali – then relegated to clandestine training, later to re-emerge as the “classicalâ€� art of eskrima.

Sultanate of Sulu: Duan Ran Mo, appointed as envoy of Sulu to China in 1744.

China: Qing Shi Lu, the historical annals of the Qing Dynasty, recorded Sultan Mohammed Amirudin appeal to Emperor Qian Long. It said that Qian Long denied the Sultan’s request, although he did it diplomatically.

1745 –

Bishop Juan de Arrechederra, acting Governor-General of the Philippines (1745-1750),

Tagalog agrarian uprising (1745-46) to recover the communal lands system on account of the gradual encroachment of the religious haciendas viz. the Hispanic proprietary rights and customs.

1746 –

1747 –

News of the remarkable success of Dagohoy worried the Spanish authorities in Manila. Bishop Juan de Arrechederra dispatched a punitive expedition to Bohol under the command of Don Pedro Lechuga. Commander Lechuga won a few skirmishes but failed to crush the rebellion. In desperation, he sent a commando unit into the mountains to kill or capture Dagohoy, his sister Gracia, and other leaders. The commandos returned empty-handed because they could not penetrate Dagohoy’s fortified stronghold.

Scotland: First Charter to a traveling military lodge issued by the Grand Lodge of Scotland.

1748 –

1749 –

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1730-1739).

1730 –

16 Dec: Diego Silang was born in Aringay, La Union. He led the revolt of the Ilocanos in opposition to the tribute and abuses of the Spanish officials.

Brunei: Sultan Muhammad Alauddin (1730-1737) documented the Laws of Regulations of Bruneian Kings, (Sala-silah Raja Raja Brunei) and produced the currency "pitis". He was well known as "Marhum di Brunei".

1731 –

19 Mar: Gabriela Silang was born in Barrio Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur. Widowed early, she met and married Diego Silang y Andaya.

Gabriela Silang was the first woman in Philippine history to lead an armed uprising against foreign rule in the country. She demonstrated that the Filipina is made up of strong moral fiber and is not afraid to sacrifice her life for the sake of her country and people.

When Diego Silang was treacherously slain on 28 May 1763, Gabriela assumed leadership of the revolution and carried on the Ilocanos’ fight for independence. Ill-armed and numerically inferior, she and her forces suffered defeat in a series of encounters against the colonial forces in September 1763. Gabriela was captured and hanged in September 1763. The rest of her followers were also hanged all along the coastline from Candon to Bantay.

Historians have called Gabriela Silang the "Joan of Arc of Ilocandia," a fitting tribute to a woman of courage and patriotism, an exemplary Filipina.

Spanish Governor-General F. Valdez y Timon sent Ignacio Iriberri to recapture Jolo with a regiment of 1,000-strong Spanish soldiers.

China: By decree of a Ming emperor, the remaining 300 survivors of Sulu East King Paduka Batara, now christened as Chinese Wen and Ang families, were assimilated into mainstream Chinese society that made perpetually alive a Tausug bloodline in that part of the world.

1732 –

The municipality of Cabatuan, Iloilo was founded. It is justified by a huge cross made of hard thick "murawon" (molave), the base of which still stands at Pamul-ogan Hill. On the cross was carved "1732" although what remains of the cross now is only its base.

The name of the municipality may have been derived from the Hiligaynon word "Kabatuhan" meaning full of stone or bato, from "batuan" meaning against, contrary or opposite, to resist, oppose, challenge, defy, fight or contest.Â* Some old folks believed that the name was derived from batuan, a tree whose sour fruits are used in seasoning vegetables and other food, which formerly abound in the locality.

1733 –

3 Mar: (Okinawa) Satonuku "Tode" Sakugawa, (1733 – 1815), Karate Master & Pioneer, was born in Akata Cho, a small section of the city of Shuri, Okinawa. When Sakugawa was a young man he had been a student of Takahara Peichin (1683 – 1760). He had also studied for six years (1756 – 1762) with Chinese military envoy Kusanku. He was the instructor of Sokon (Bushi) Matsumura (1797 – 1889), considered one of the great karate (Tode) figures of the nineteenth century.

Sultanate of Sulu: Sultan Badar-uddin sent another ambassador to China. The objective of China policy is to inform the Chinese leaders about the long war between Sulu and Manila. The sultanate wanted to enlist the military support of the Chinese government. It probably secured some help.

1734 –

Sultanate of Sulu: H.R.H. Sultan Nassar ud-Din (1734-1735)

6 Dec: The 1726 peace treaty between Sulu and Manila deteriorated when the new Sulu Sultan Nassar ud-Din attempted to recapture Fort Pilar in Ciudad de Zamboanga while some Sulu warriors attacked Taytay in northern Palawan.

Fort Pilar, otherwise known as Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragosa, was said to have miraculous powers from its namesake statue that was placed in 1734 as a religious centerpiece above the East wall.Â* As a result of the fabled miracles of the Lady of the Pilar, the statue was converted into an open-air shrine with an altar and section for worship.Â* The shrine’s miraculous tales not only attracts Christian worshipers today, but also some Muslims who feel they have been touched by the miracles attributed to the Lady of the Pilar.

China: The Ch'ing Dynasty consisted of Manchu emperors, who had conquered China from their home in Manchuria. They were foreign invaders to the southern Chinese. The southern Shaolin Temple in Fukien was a place where revolutionaries would go to train to fight against the Manchus. The temple was destroyed in 1734, but the few monks and students who escaped traveled throughout China to teach their skills. Some styles such as Wing Chun (Bruce Lee's original style) and Hung Gar Kung Fu (Wong Fei-Hung's style) emerged. The creator of Hung Gar was Hung Hei-Kwun (another martial arts master that was portrayed by Jet Li in New Legend of Shaolin). He was a Fukien tea merchant.

England: Jack Broughton formed the first boxing code, which forbid eye gouging and hitting a fallen opponent when he was down, but left wide latitude for wrestling and rough and tumble fighting. "Broughton's Rules" governed boxing from 1734 until 1838, under the reformed named "London Prize Ring Rules", which stated that a round ended when one fighter went down or his knee touched the ground. Broughton also introduced the idea of blocking and some defense to the sport.

When Broughton passed out of the picture, boxing suffered because it had lost the man who was recognized as "The Father of the English School of Boxing." Shortly after the death of Broughton "crookedness" crept into the sport. It became known as the period of "the Double Crosses." The popularity of the sport waned until the appearance of Daniel Mendoza.

1735 –

In response to Sultan Badar-uddin’s attempt to capture Zamboanga, the Spaniards invaded Jolo and drove out the sultanate court for the second time, which then transferred to Dungun, Tawi-Tawi.

Sultanate of Sulu: H.R.H. Sultan Mohammad Alim ud-Din I (Amir ul-Mumimin/King Ferdinand I) (1735-174

Sulu Annals remembered Sultan Alim I as one who had revised the Sulu Code of Laws and prepared a Tausug-Arabic vocabulary manual for use by his Court’s religious imams and aleems.

1736 –

China: Fong Su-Yi, founder of Tai-Yang Lung Tao (1736-1820AD) was born.

1737 –

1 Feb: Sultan Alim I signed a bilateral alliance treaty with Spanish Governor-General F. Valdez y Tamon that provided for permanent peace in the region.

Sultanate of Sulu: King Philip V of Spain sent a delegation of Jesuit priests to Jolo to spread Roman Catholicism; Sultan Alim ud-Din befriended these “haram� which displeased his brother Bantilan, the Rajah Muda and seized powers from him.

Sultan Alim I sought the help of Ciudad de Zamboanga Governor Abando who in turn “transferred� him to the care of Spanish Governor-General F. Valdez y Tamon in Manila.

While the power of the Sulu sultanate and Maguindanao approached a steady decline, the military power of the Spaniards grew faster when the steamboat was introduced to the Spanish naval force. The Muslim fleets were no longer a match with the Spanish modern fleets. The Spaniards had already foreseen a major invasion when the right time comes. They assured themselves that the final conquest of Mindanao and Sulu was just a matter of time.

Plant scientist M. de Tremegon, under the dictates of M. Poivre of the Isle of France, explored Jolo for spice plants.

Brunei: Second ascension to the throne of Sultan Husin Kamaluddin.

Scotland: Formation of Scottish Grand Lodge: William St. Clair elected First Grand Master.

1738 –

First Papal Bull against Freemasonry issued.

1739 –

Start of term for Spanish Governor-General Gasper de la Torre (1739-45) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

Pedro Murillo Velarde created a map that depicts approximately what constitutes the present Philippine archipelago.

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1720-1729).

1720 –

8 Dec: Fort Pilar was stormed by Butig Rajah Dalasi with an armada of one hundred “paraws�; He captured a local Jesuit priest and forced Manila Spanish government to give ransom payment in exchange for his freedom.

Dec: The Sulu sultanate and the Maguindanaw sultanate agreed to field 104 paraws with combined force of 3,000 warriors who made a new offensive on Zamboanga at the end of December 1720. This offensive however did not succeed. But, the Sulu sultanate was still firm in its struggle to push out the Spaniards from Zamboanga. Both powers adopted a mixed policy of diplomacy and military. This showed that neither of them could be easily extinguished.

1721 –

Spanish Governor-General Toribio Cosio sent Fray Antonio de Roxas to Ciudad de Zamboanga to negotiate for the release of kidnapped Jesuit priest.

England: First Noble Grand Master, John, Duke of Montague, elected to English Grand Lodge.

1722 –

The first Pagsanjeño to emerge with distinction in history's limelight was the valiant Francisco de San Juan (1722-90). After his heroic defense of Pagsanjan on December 9, 1762 against the British invaders, he joined the forces of Governor Simon de Anda in Pampanga and fought courageously the invading enemy. For his military exploits he was promoted master-of-camp (colonel). After the war, he became alcalde mayor of Tayabas Province, a rare honor indeed because during the Spanish epoch only peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) or creoles (Spaniards born in colony) were usually given appointments as alcaldes mayores of the provinces.

20 Dec: (China) The Kangxi (K'ang-hsi) emperor of China, second of the Qing (Ch'ing) dynasty rulers, died. The Kangxi emperor reigned for sixty years 1662-1722. He was born in 1654, the great-grandson of Nurhachi (1559-1626), the founder of the Manchu state. During Kangxi's reign, the Manchu's solidified their control over southern China and extended their domination into western Mongolia and Tibet. The Kangxi emperor personally led 80,000 soldiers in the 1696 campaign against Galdan's forces, eventually crushing them.

England: Elizabeth Wilkinson challenged Hannah Hyfield to meet her on stage, and box for a prize of three guineas. The rules required each woman to strike each other in the face while holding a half-crown coin in each fist; the first to drop a coin would be the loser.

1723 –

5 Jun: (Fife) Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, he was the only child, and was born a few months after the death of his father.

Spain: The Spanish rulers introduced extremely restrictive weapon bans and this is the reason that the navaja was invented. There were no navaja (as we know them) before that date. Up to that date Spaniards had far better weapons at their disposal.

After the bans, all effective weapons were restricted to the upper nobility. The lower nobility were allowed swords, but not firearms and the plebes nothing! In time the authorities accepted folding knives, but only if the blade could not be locked into position.

1724 –

Accdg to Serge Mol in his book “CLASSICAL FIGHTING ARTS OF JAPAN: A Complete Guide to Koryu Jujutsu (c. 2001)�: "Contrary to what is popularly believed in the West, the term Judo was not invented by Kano Jigoro, as it was already used in 1724 by Inoue Jibudayu of the Jikishin Ryu and possibly even before that by other jujutsu exponents." p. 49.

1725 –

Japan: Suzuki Harunobu (1725-1770), one of the more notable warriors who wielded the samurai sword was born. He was a woodblock artist. Harunobu was a noted painter in the ukiyo-e ('pictures of the floating world') style and is thought to have been the first to produce a full polychrome print. His trademark was his delicate depiction of his female subjects.

Ireland: Formation of Irish Grand Lodge.

1726 –

11 Dec: It was through exchanges of envoys, despite the existence of war, that a peace treaty was signed between the Sulu sultanate and the Spanish colonial government in Manila.

Sultanate of Sulu: Accdg. to Go Bon Juan - Just as Sulu occupies a unique role in Philippine history with regards to relations with China, the Chinese in Sulu stand out in the annals of the Chinese in the Philippines.

From the Compilation of Philippine Materials in Ancient Chinese Books (1981: Zong San University, Guangzhou City) we culled 29 names of the Chinese in Sulu. The earliest of these was recorded in 1726, during the reign of Yong Zheng, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty.

The 29 names represent the most number of Chinese names mentioned in any part of the Philippines, including Manila. In short, the Chinese in Sulu were more frequently mentioned in ancient Chinese records than any other Chinese in any part of the Philippines.

Of the 29 Chinese in Sulu, five were ambassadors of the Sulu sultanate to China.

They were: Wang Hai, envoy of Sulu to China during the reign of Ming Emperor Yong Lo in the 15th Century.

Gong Ting Chai, Chinese merchant in Sulu, envoy of Sulu to China in 1726.

Ma Guang Min, Chinese merchant in Sulu, appointed as envoy to China in 1743.

Duan Ran Mo, envoy of Sulu to China in 1744.

Yang Da Chen, deputy envoy of Sulu to China in 1753.

The appointment of the five as envoys to China is proof of the close relations between the Chinese in Sulu and the local inhabitants. It also demonstrates their smooth integration into Sulu society and the enormous trust given them by the sultans of Sulu. This kind of status and relation simply cannot be imagined in other places in the Philippines during the Spanish era.

Unlike other places in the Philippines where the Chinese population came directly from China (mainly from Fujian and Guangdong provinces) or passed through Manila, Sulu attracted a lot of Chinese from Singapore. The Spanish blockade of 1871 had increased Sulu’s dependence on trade with Singapore.

In "Sino-Sulu Trade in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries," an article he wrote for Philippine Studies in 1977, Jaime F. Warren said: "Singapore assumed a more important role in the sultanate’s economy as political relations grew worse between Manila and Jolo after 1845... It was estimated that there were several hundred straits Chinese in Jolo in 1863, the number rose to more than a thousand by 1871. …Of those arriving between 1878 and 1887, 323 Chinese had migrated to Sulu from Singapore, of whom 292 had come in 1886 and 1887 alone."

Scotland: Earliest documented record of a Masonic Third Degree Ceremony in Scotland.

London: The Inn-Play or Cornish Hugg Wrestler by Sir Thomas Parkyns was published.

1727 –

6 Jun: (England) Part of the boxers training included the use of weapons including swords, bucklers, daggers, sticks and, Quarterstaff. During the earliest Prizefights the 'boxers' agreed on which weapons would be used during the rounds. On the 6th of June 1727, Figg fought the Gravesend pipe-maker, Ned Sutton. The first round was with swords, the second round was fist-fighting, which included throws, and grappling, while the third round was with cudgels during which Figg shattered Sutton's knee to win the match.

1728 –

China: The Ching government outlawed the private instruction and practice of martial arts.

1729 –

China: Li Wei, the Zhejiang Governor-General, investigated some allegations that had been made against Monk Yi Nian and 100 others.Â* It was claimed that they were plotting against the Ching government and all were arrested. The Taoist priest Gan Fengshi (founder of the Hua Quan style, which was a hard/soft Taoist/Shaolin style with much grappling and joint locks) was among them. They were found guilty of teaching martial arts and secret religious doctrines against the Ching Government.

Ireland: Jonathan Swift chose the essay as his weapon and wrote A Modest Proposal to make people aware of the horrible poverty of the Irish.

[fan sao]

if you wanna ask my opinoin though............ WENG CHUN KUNG FU has the advantage upon survival of life saving in the streets. as we all know that weng chun deals with sensitiblity training (that if you don't know). apparently, it only depend on the fighter, the one who use the art. but the question is how can you able to make use of the art you are practicing which in fact it needs a lot of time to memorize the skill. coz other art need to have to memorize the drill but in weng chun, it allows only the person to practice in few months and the sensitibity training will cause a year or a life time but atleast the person is capable in using and applying it in the streets "per se" to tell you frankly?! the only survival hand weapon technique is weng chun.

[pauwiks]

sure...whatever...go and make your own Weng chun kung fu topic.its a free country

[Scorpion]

With regards to rules, I don't think a lot of talk about rules would make a difference. Of course, we have to come up with a set of rules which can accomodate the fighting strategies and techniques of all styles. However, this will still not work unless the MINDSET regarding sparring is changed. Mura lang nag centralized present form of government, parliamentary or federal. Sa tinuod lang, maski unsa pang pag bag-o sa sistema, kun kurakot gihapon ang kultura sa atong mga kababayan, nag sayang-sayang lang ta ug kwarta, panahon ug effort. Thre has to be a change in sustance, otherwise the form makes little difference. Ang problema man gud, TROPHY ang gina-apas sa kadaghan, dili and EXPERIENCE ug learnings na makuha gikan sa sport-type sparring. What can we say, kun sports, it's the TROPHY that matters. However, if it is treated more as a training tool for a real combative encounter, the mindset would be different. You wouldn't look to pile up points but more to see which strategies and techniques are effective and which are not, and what approaches are best for the individual. Coming up with rules would help though, but I think the best strategy is to get "like-minded" groups to get together and have "friendly encounters" with the aim of improving the different group's strategies and techniques through exposure in a controlled setting. Kun pwede, "friendly rivalry" lang. Competition can work both ways. If taken constructively and intelligently, it can improve performance. If not, it will only destroy the art. Daghan grupo puro na lang sparring giatupag ug rules ang gina-pagaralan. Kadaghanan, "unsa-on pag bend sa rules aron maka kuha ko ug points?" Wala na ang mga laing mas importante nga aspeto sa art such as "combat efficiency" (walay rules sa gawas) ug cultural heritage. Maski kinsa nga kabalo magbunal maka himo ug "arnis team." Mao naa mga Karatista muingon- "Sisiw lang man nang tournament sa arnis, basta mag sigi lang ka ug bunal." Kabalo ta na the same is not true for a real combat encounter, most especially with bladed weapons.

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1710-1719).

1710 –

Brunei: Sultan Husin Kamaluddin ascended the throne twice, in 1710-1730 and 1737-1740. Supposedly endowed with supernatural powers, he was able to transform 'buah ngirih', a fruit, to 'pitabu', another fruit. He ascended the throne twice and finally lived in Luba.

1711 –

Visayan dictionary of Sanchez was published.

Iberia: Berbers and Arabs from North Africa, loosely called moros (Moors) by the Spaniards, invaded the Iberian Peninsula and subdued most of it. The small Christian kingdoms fought back the Muslim invaders in a long series of wars that lasted for almost nine centuries known as the reconquista

England: Zachery Wylde's 'English Master of Defence' was published.

1712 –

Earliest date that the name Biliran was used. The reference for the new name was a formal petition for recognition of Biliran (no longer Panamao) as a new pueblo

United Kingdom: The Riot Act takes effect.

1713 –

England: In 1713, a man by the name of Sir Thomas Parkyns wrote the first manual entirely devoted to wrestling in the English language, "The Inn-Play or Cornish-Hugg Wrestler." Parkyns' Close-Hugg style differs greatly from the modern sport of Cornish wrestling. It is much more combative in nature, yet it does contain some of the same throws such as the flying mare and cross-buttock. It seems to not only deal with the sportive aspects of the style, but also with self-defense as well. Defenses against lapel chokes and several other attacks are included, as well as a section about which of the Close-Hugg moves to use while boxing.

There is also a small section on how to deal with a contentious man, which shows the old bartender favorite of grabbing a person by the collar and back of their pants to escort them to the door.

Parkyns makes small mention of "out-play," which concentrated on the tripping and kicking aspects of the sport, which he considered inferior to the "in-play" of the Cornish style in the manual, which relied on the upper body. There is only a small mention of the jacket, which is used in the modern style of Cornish wrestling and Devonshire. Interestingly, the account by Carew in the 17th century does not mention the jacket, but mentions a girdle that is used for grips. Parkyns does not mention this girdle. The girdle perhaps gives rise to a connection between the Cornish style and another indigenous British style known as side-hold, in which a harness is worn for grips. By the 19th century, the use of the jacket was standard, and a great rivalry had grown between the wrestlers of Cornwall and Devonshire. The two groups basically practiced the same form of wrestling, but seemed specialize in different areas of the sport.

The Cornish men concentrated on the "in-play" or "close hug," while the Devonshire wrestlers concentrated on "out-play." Obviously, both styles of wrestling contained the elements of the "in-play" and "out-play" but held a preference for one or a prejudice to the other. The style of the Devonshire men was thought of as brutal by the Cornish spectators due to the fact that Devonshire matches often turned into punishing shin kicking contests. Often shoes were worn in the Devonshire style to add more damage to the kicking techniques, while the Cornish wrestlers stayed barefooted or wore wool socks.

Rome: Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI issued the Pragmatic Sanction, giving women the rights of succession to Hapsburg possessions.

1714 –

Spain: The War of the Spanish Succession ended. Philip remained king, but Spain lost all of its European territory.

Japan: The first use of the name judo was by Seijun Inoue IV, who applied it to his Jujitsu of Jikishin-ryu. Students of Jikishin-ryu Judo were not only expected to master its ninety-seven techniques, but to also develop into generous and gentle-mannered individuals.

Kuninori Suzuki V, the Master of Kito-ryu (Kito means to Rise and Fall) Jujitsu, changed the name of Kito-kumiuchi to Kito-ryu Judo in 1714. The purpose of Kito-ryu Judo training is to tap the vital energy of the universe, fusing the universe and the student into one, thus allowing students to lead their lives with sincerity. Twenty-one techniques in the kata of Kito-ryu Judo are meant for hand-to-hand fighting, with both combatants being completely clad in armor. The most important contribution that kito-ryu would offer Judo was the principle of kuzushi (off-balancing), which is the key to the throwing techniques of modern Judo.

Jigoro Kano studied the judo of Jikishin-ryu and Kito-ryu, and incorporated some of their concepts into his original system, which he named Kodokan Judo.

England: First recorded minutes of the Grand Lodge of York.

1715 –

4 Feb: End of term for Spanish Governor-General MartÃ*n de Ursúa y Arizmendi, conde de Lizárraga (25 Aug 1709 – 4 Feb 1715) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

4 Feb: Start of term for Spanish Acting Governor-General José de Torralba (4 Feb 1715 – 9 Aug 1717) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

1716 –

1717 –

9 Aug: End of term for Spanish Acting Governor-General José de Torralba (4 Feb 1715 – 9 Aug 1717) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

9 Aug: Start of term for Spanish Governor-General Fernando Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo Rueda (9 Aug 1717 – 11 Oct 1719) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

Sultanate of Sulu: During this period, the Sulu sultanate expanded its foreign relations to China. Sultan Badar-uddin sent an ambassador to China. The objective of the China policy was to inform the Chinese leaders about the long war between Sulu and Manila. The sultanate wanted to enlist the military support of the Chinese government. It probably secured some help.

England: Formation of English Grand Lodge.

1718 –

Revolt in Cagayan Valley: Itaves and Irraya led by Luis Magtangaga; a nativist-religious, anti-Christian movement, brought about by worsening conditions: economic crisis brought about by crop failure, excessive oppression by the Alcalde Mayor Zorilla (high prices, excessive/ arbitrary grain-tribute, and personal services).

Revolt in Pangasinan: Caragay (a social bandit), in reaction against oppressive acts of Alcalde-Mayor Antonio del Valle.

Sultanate of Sulu: The 5th stage of the Moro wars (Majul) commenced when the Spaniards reoccupied Zamboanga. A huge military base known as Fort Pillar was built, and thus provoked the Sultanate of Sulu. Immediate reprisal was made but this failed to dislodge the Spaniards. The Sulu sultanate under Sultan Badar-uddin asked the support of Maguindanao sultanate and the Dutch at Batavia. Sultan Badar-uddin sent his Datu Bendahara and the Nakhuda to Batavia in order to appeal for Dutch military assistance as well as to strengthen the relationship, which was established in 1644.

The San José Fort of Bagumbayan was re-taken, demolished, and rebuilt by orders of newly elected Governor-General of the Philippines, Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda.Â* It was greatly strengthened to ward off continued Moro Pirates' resistance and other invaders from foreign countries, and was renamed Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragosa and added to each corner sides citadels embossing the names of Catholic saints San Luis, San Francisco Xavier, San Felipe, and San Fernando. The fort was renamed Real Fuerza del Pilar de Zaragosa perpetuating the name of the Manila-Acapulco galleon ship that sunk off Guam early that year and also renamed Bagumbayan to Ciudad de Zamboanga.

The "Letter of Anathema" was publicly read for the last time.

1719 –

16 Apr: Don Fernando Bustillos Bustamante Rueda, senior maestro de campo in Ciudad de Zamboanga, inaugurated Real Fuerza del Pilar de Zaragosa (better known as Fort Pilar to Jolo Christians and Moslems alike).

11 Oct: End of term for Spanish Governor-General Fernando Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo Rueda (9 Aug 1717 – 11 Oct 1719) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

11 Oct: Start of term for Spanish Acting Governor-General Fray Francisco de la Cuesta (11 Oct 1719 – 6 Aug 1721) in the Philippines.Â* Â* Â*

Friars in open riot incited the populace to rebellion.

Manila Spanish government dispatched a group of Chavacano-speaking Merdicans to Ciudad de Zamboanga (The Merdicans originally were brought in from Ternate and Tidore in the Celebes in 1663)

England: Boxing's first recognized champion was James Figg who built his Amphitheatre and became the first recognized "boxing champion" in 1719. Figg is largely responsible for the popularity of the sport, as he traveled around England giving sparring exhibitions. James Figg, often hailed as the father of boxing, has an illustration using a surprisingly 'modern' looking guard. Figg trained & fought 'rounds' with both weapons and fists in a brutal career, which began in the early 1700’s; he never lost a fight and was considered to be the champion of Great Britain until he retired in 1730.

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1700-1709).

1700 –

First admission of natives into the Religious Orders.

Italy: Treatise of Marcelli (who was one of the greatest Italian fencing masters of the 17th century).

1701 –

According to Tamayo, of all Cebu's churches, the Boljoon church best gives one a sense of the Philippine colonial past. J.T Newman describes the church: It is relatively well preserved, except for its communion rail with ornate silverwork, which has been stolen. It is pseudo-baroque-rococo. Its tower is unusual because it is Islamic in character, it is square, rather than curved, making it look more like a fortress than anything. Its rectangular belfry, built in 1701, has fort windows used to show cannons to defend against Moro pirates.

The Jones Bridge, formerly known as Puente de Espana, was first built in 1701. It was rebuilt by the Americans in 1916 and renamed after Atkinson Jones.

1702 –

An older Fray Juan Ibanez was now rector of Santo Tomas and assisted in diffusing the rivalry between the rival Dominican and Jesuit orders and "dedicated a public theological disputation to Saint Ignatius of Loyola" in which the Dominicans reciprocated in kind.

Thailand: During the reign of King Pha Chao Sua, he disguised himself to box with ordinary people. “The Tiger King" He loved Muay Thai so much that he often fought incognito in village contests, beating the local champions. During the reign of the Tiger King the nation was at peace. The King to keep the army busy, ordered it to train in Muay Thai. The interest in the sport was already high but now it took off yet again.

Catalonia: in the Context of 18th-century European Politics: the War of Succession (1702-1714)

1703 –

John and Charles Wesley (author of Easter hymn) initiate the Methodist movement (1703-1791).

1704 –

Sultanate of Brunei: The 30,000-square-mile Sabah, then known as North Borneo, was given in 1704 to the Sultanate of Sulu by the Sultanate of Brunei as a gift for helping quell rebellion in Brunei.

England: British Duke of Marlborough limits French power in Battle of Blenheim, Germany.

1705 –

Nueva Ecija Province was created as a military district, named after the Spanish governor's native town in Andalucia, Spain, from parts of the neighboring provinces of Pampanga, Tayabas (Quezon) and Isabela.

1706 –

1707 –

1708 –

London: Bartolome Juan Leonardo y Argensola's "The discovery and conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands" was published.

India: The Mughal general Wazir Khan hired two Pathans (another North Indian ethnic group) to assassinate Guru Gobind Singh Ji. They attacked him in his tent, and while he managed to kill both his assailants, his wounds later reopened when he tried to draw a bow, and he passed away soon afterwards, on 7 October 1708. Nonetheless, his vision and courage live to this day in the Khalsa that he created, and which he himself had stated was his own "special, physical form."

In the new order, the Khalsa in conference (that is, the baptized adults as a group) came to represent the temporal authority of the Sikhs. Even Guru Gobind Singh Ji had to obey its instructions to him. Its members were to abide by Rehat Maryada (a Code of Conduct) that forbade consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other intoxicants. Members were also expected to have the five "Kakkars" (items beginning with the letter K) on his or her person. From a martial arts standpoint, the most important of these items was the kirpan, or sword, but the other four were Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (a small wooden comb), Kachhehra (linen drawers instead of the dhoti loincloth) and Kara (a steel bracer worn on the right wrist). And if one is carrying a sword, then one should have training in it, too. Hence learning gatka became a Sikh’s duty, both as a citizen and as a believer.

Gatka is the name of the martial art traditionally practiced by the members of the Sikh religion. The word "gatka" itself actually refers to the wooden training stick that is used during practice. Although this stick, which is also called a soti, represents a real steel sword, it may or may not be equipped with a basket hilt, is not balanced in the same way as a sword, and has no pommel. There are many other weapons taught in the martial art called "gatka" other than various types of sword; the most common is the lathi, a hardwood stick about a metre in length.

1709 –

Russia: Peter the Great of Russia defeat Swedes under Charles XII to control the Baltic Sea in the Battle of Poltava, Ukraine.

[lone wolf]

Philippine History from the FMA Warrior’s Perspective (1690-1699).

1690 –

17 Jun: The town of Opon was born. It was said to be the first town created in the island of Maktan and the seventh town founded by the Augustinian Monks in the province of Cebu, which was called Sugbo then. The word "Opon" presumably came from the name of the grass, which grew lavishly in the open fields at that time. It was a quiet town with few bad elements or none at all. Most of the parishioners were focused mostly to the teachings of the church. The proliferation of the Catholic religion was of much emphasis, which served as the guiding force for the Spanish colonizers to pursue more on their continuing effort to convert everyone completely into Catholics. Moreover, it was told that the parish priests played a great role in the encomienda (old government) system in all pueblos (towns) including Opon. Almost all administrative records were kept in the parroquia (parish). Improvements at that time, whether civic in nature or not at all like the construction of structures: casa municipal (municipal hall), school building, military defenses, and the like- were undertaken by its own cura parroco (parish Priest), including of course the church itself and the convent. Some important government positions or leadership like cabezas (governors) and/or Kapitanes (captains of barangays) were given to Opon residents as appointed by the parish priest, with special importance to those affluent natives, who spoke the Spanish language. For over three centuries, Spain took hold of the Philippines, governing the people and the influencing Filipino culture. That explains why a number of Spanish-speaking in higher echelon of society of Filipinos can be noticed upon on almost every Philippine city in these modern days.

Brunei: Sultan Nasruddin (1690-1710) introduced gold coins during his reign in 1690-1710.

1691 –

Ireland: The Protestant British had acquired absolute authority over the island.

1692 –

The poem ‘DESIDERATA’ was found in Old St. PaulÃ*s Church, Baltimore.

The outbreak of witchcraft accusations in Salem Village, Massachusetts.

1693 –

Japan: Ihara Saikaku, Novelist. Saikaku was one of the mid-Edo Period's most popular authors. Like Chikamatsu's plays, Saikaku's works appealed to the common people and were often amusing while being supurbly crafted. His favorite theme was the life of the bourgeois, which provided him with a volume of material to depict both realistically and in a skillfully light manner.

1694 –

1695 –

11 Nov: (India) During the 1690s, the Guruship (of the Sikh martial arts of Gatka) went to Guru Gobind Rai, the son of the ninth Guru (Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji). The young Gobind Rai sent his own father to his death by sending him to Delhi, the Mughal capital, as an ambassador. It was a known risk, but according to a traditional account called Gurbilaas Paatshah, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji told his son: "Grave are the burdens the earth bears. She will be redeemed only if a truly worthy person comes forward to lay down his head. Distress will then be expunged and happiness ushered in." Gobind Rai’s reply was "None could be worthier than yourself to make such a sacrifice." Sure enough, there was treachery, and sure enough Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was captured and subjected to tortures too extreme to describe here. The Mughals wanted him to renounce his Sikhism, in order that they could disintegrate the massive following that the religion had acquired. He refused, and was tortured to death on 11 November 1695.

1696 –

Sword and buckler technique were taught as late as the end of the 17th century, and although focusing on the rapier this type of weapon combination can be found in Bondi di Mazzo's treatise of 1696.

1697 –

1698 –

1699 –

Sultanate of Sulu: Melaka Sultan Mahmoud Shah was murdered in Kampar Sumatra ending the colorful Melaka Malay Sultanate.

30 Mar: (India) The crowning glory of Guru Gobind Rai’s life was his creation of the Khalsa, or Order of the Pure. According to Gurbilaas Paatshah, on 30 March 1699, during a traditional harvest festival called Vaisakhi, Guru Gobind Rai called for an assembly of Sikhs in Anandpur Sahib. This was a highly seditious and risky act to do at that time, since Sikhism was outlawed and public assembly of non-Muslims was prohibited, but a few thousand people attended anyway. The Guru drew his sword and called for the head of one true Sikh, saying, "Is there present a true Sikh who would offer his head to the Guru as a sacrifice?" The crowd went silent, and was dumbstruck by this request. But eventually one man rose to his feet and went to the front. The Guru took him into his tent and re-emerged, his sword dripping with blood. He repeated his request for the blood of a true Sikh. By this time people were leaving the congregation in droves, saying that the Guru had gone mad. However, another man rose to his feet and came forward, volunteering for the chop. This went on until five people in total had volunteered to have their heads chopped off by the Guru.

Then, to the amazement of the congregation, all five re-emerged from the Guru’s tent, dressed in flowing robes, high turbans and carrying swords. Guru Gobind Rai administered baptism to the Five, who were called the Five Beloved Ones. He did this by plunging a two-edged sword into a steel vessel filled with water. His wife, Mata Sahib Kaur, was distressed that the Five were to be given only water, so she came forward with some sugar-cakes, and dropped them in, too. At this, the Guru said, "I have blessed the Khalsa with heroism, and you have blessed it with prem (love)."

After stirring the mixture up with a sword, the Guru personally baptised the Five, giving them some of the liquid, called Amrit, to drink, and sprinkled some in their eyes. He gave them each the name Singh, and told them that henceforth their father would be he, the Guru, and their mother would be Mata Sahib Kaur, his wife. Their birthplace would be Anandpur Sahib, and they were to shed their former religion, their superstitions, their caste, their race identity, etc.

Then, to yet more amazement from the crowd, the Guru kneeled before the Five, and begged them to similarly baptise him. The Five were shocked, and wanted him to get to his feet, as they felt unworthy to do such a task. But eventually they relented, and the Guru himself received baptism from all five of them, each in turn. From that moment he ceased to be "Gobind Rai" (Rai is a kshatriya surname pertaining to Sodhi clan) and became "Gobind Singh." He said, "Now that one Sikh is a match for 125,000 others, I am worthy to be called Gobind Singh."

Now, a cynic might say that there was some showmanship involved in all this, but in any event the remaining crowd rushed forward for baptism and Guru Gobind Singh Ji became both the Guru and the disciple. This was a turning point in the history of the Sikhs.

In the new order, the Khalsa in conference (that is, the baptised adults as a group) came to represent the temporal authority of the Sikhs. Even Guru Gobind Singh Ji had to obey its instructions to him.