The Catholic method of proving the Bible to be inspired is this: The Bible
is initially approached as any other ancient work. It is not, at first,
presumed to be inspired. From textual criticism we are able to conclude
that we have a text the accuracy of which is more certain than the
accuracy of any other ancient work.
...
The Bible as Historical Truth
Next we take a look at what the Bible, considered merely as a history,
tells us, focusing particularly on the New Testament, and more
specifically the Gospels. We examine the account contained therein of
Jesus's life, death, and resurrection.
Using what is in the Gospels themselves and what we find in extra-biblical
writings from the early centuries, together with what we know of human
nature (and what we can otherwise, from natural reason alone, know of
divine nature), we conclude that either Jesus was just what he claimed to
be -- or he was crazy. (The one thing we know he could no been was merely
a good man who was not God, since no merely good man would make
the claims he made.)
We are able to eliminate the possibility of his being a madman not just
from what he said but from what his followers did after his death. Many
critics of the Gospel accounts of the resurrection claim that Christ did
not truly rise, that his followers took his body from the tomb and then
proclaimed him risen from the dead. According to these critics, the
resurrection was nothing more than a hoax. Devising a hoax to glorify a
friend and mentor is one thing, but you do not find people dying for a
hoax, at least not one from which they derive no benefit. Certainly if
Christ had not risen his disciples would not have died horrible deaths
affirming the reality and truth of the resurrection. The result of this
line of reasoning is that we must conclude that Jesus indeed rose from the
dead. Consequently, his claims concerning himself -- including his
claim to be God -- gave credibility. He meant what he said and did what
he said he would do.
Further, Christ said he would found a Church. Both the Bible (still taken
as merely a historical book, not yet as an inspired one) and other ancient
works attest to the fact that Christ established a Church with the
rudiments of what we see in the Catholic Church today -- papacy,
hierarchy, priesthood, sacraments, teaching authority, and, as a
consequence of the last, infallibility.
Christ's Church, to do what he
said it would do, had to have the character of doctrinal infallibility.