sa ubang lugar legal ang ganja ky kahibaw cla nga dli jud makadaot ang ganja basta dli lang pasubraan. mao ra gd sa alcohol ug cigarette. mas makadaot pa na cla. even marijuana have benefits. unya ang alcohol ug smoke naa? pde sd gani mahimong sabon, papel, tela ug uban pang gamit ang ganja. pero tungod sa mga negosyante mo kontra na cla ky kng ila negosyo alcohol ug smoke. aw mo minus jud ila sales. ky tabla ra mn nga nakainom ka ug nka smoke cla. haha..
pero tanang butang makadaot jud basta subraan bsan ganja. kng pasubraan nmo ug gamit madaot jud ka.
mga effects sa ganja kng imo pasubraan ky kanang dali na ka makalimut, maglisod na ka concntr8 sa imo gbuhat labi na tama na ka, mo panic ka ug kalit, hinay na kaayo imo nilihukan kanang mga ingana epek2 na kng pggamit nimo nasubraan na ka.
kng mangutana mo nga maka cause ba na ug lung cancer ang ganja. ang tubag YES. depende na sa pggamit nmo. kng ikaw inig dagkot nmo. cge ka pugong sa imo hangin. kanang dugay kaayo nmo ipagawas ang aso. makadaot na sa lungs. ug kasagaran sad marijuana user kusog sd manigarilyo. mao na sagol na nuon. usa pa kng pila na ka katuig cge gamit ana aw xempre madaot jd ka. pareho ra sa smoke ug alcohol gd. mo abot ra ang time nga mo surrender imo lawas. pero ang ganja it contains THC that prevents cancer. so kng moganja mo ayaw na lang mo panigarlyo. 
dghan man sd gamit ang ganja for medicine. mao ni ako nakit.an sa net ai basaha lang. hehe..
Clinical Uses of Marijuana
The medical uses for marijuana have been know for some time now. Some estimate that marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes for 12,000 years now. In February of 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released a report detailing the possible medical uses for marijuana and most productive avenues for research. The report highlighted five areas of medical care that they felt were most appropriate.
1. Stimulate appetite and alleviate cachexia.
2. Control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
3. Decrease intraocular pressure.
4. Analgesia.
5. Neurological and movement disorders.
Other issues have arisen regarding marijuana’s effectiveness in the medical field. There is significant controversy the utility of plant derived THC when there is an approved synthetic form on the market. Marinol (dronabinol), made by Unimed Pharmaceuticals, is the synthetic form of THC. Another issue is that since the vast majority of marijuana in the U.S. comes from the black market, agricultural standards are not applied to the farming and harvesting procedures. The amount of THC in smoked marijuana is variable so that accurate dosing is difficult. Also exogenous foreign materials like microorganisms, fungi, and pesticides have been implicated in marijuana use.
Stimulate Appetite and Alleviate Cachexia
Marijuana has been shown to increase appetite and food intake after smoking. Surveys in the 1970’s showed that 93 percent of marijuana users reported enjoying food more after they smoked and subsequently ate more (Tart 1970). Foltin et al (198
report an increase in food intake after smoking marijuana versus placebo This information is useful particularly for HIV infected patients who are at risk for opportunistic infections, enteric infections leading to malabsorption, and decreased caloric intake. These risk factors can lead to decrease in appetite, cachexia, and weight loss. Kotler et al. (1989) showed an increase morbidity in HIV infected patients with a weight 20 percent or more below ideal body weight.
Marijuana has been shown to increase appetite and weight gain in HIV infected patients. VonRoenn et al. (1994) demonstrated an increase in weight upon administration of dronabinol, a synthetic THC, and
megestrol acetate, an appetite stimulant. Beal et al. (1995) showed a significant increase in appetite with dronabinol use. A survey showed that most physicians use
megestrol acetate as a first line drug for wastage and dronabinol as a second line drug.
Abrams et al. (2003) concluded in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that smoked and oral cannabinoids did not seem to be unsafe in people with HIV infection with respect to HIV RNA levels, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, or protease inhibitor levels over the short-term (21 day treatment).
Numerous studies have been performed regarding dronabinol's antiemetic effects. Sallan et al. (1975) showed that dronabinol was superior to placebo in nausea caused by chemotherapy that induced a moderate amount of emesis. There have been only two clinical trials that have addressed the issue of smoke marijuana specifically. Levitt et al. (1984) conducted a small study that showed 35 percent were free of vomiting and 15 percent were free of nausea. Vinciguerra et al. (198 had a larger study population of 74 patients. They specifically looked at the patients who failed standard antiemetic regimes. 34 percent of patients rated marijuana as very effective, 44 percent rated it as moderately effective, 22 percent rated it of no benefit.
In a 1997 survey of 1,122 clinical oncologist only 1 percent reported that they would recommend marijuana to more than five patients. Seventy percent of these oncologist do not favor the DEA rescheduling marijuana. Most of the remaining oncologist (67 percent) who were in favor of rescheduling marijuana said they would write less than one prescription per month.
No studies have been done comparing dronabinol, or smoked marijuana and the current standard of care which is a serotonin specific antagonist and dexamethasone.
Analgesia
There are numerous studies documenting the affect of marijuana on pain. The studies yield mixed results but the overall consensus is that marijuana does have some analgesic properties.
Several animal studies using rats and mice conclude that delta-9-THC is equipotent and possible even more potent than morphine in controlling pain.
Noyes et al. (1975a) performed two studies involving inpatient oncology patients. Both were randomized, double blind, crossover comparisons which utilized an objective nurse observer that recorded patient pain intensity and relief on an hourly basis. The first study enrolled 10 cancer patients, observing their response to 5, 10 15, and 20 mg doses of delta-9-THC. Noyes et al. found that there was a significant dose response curve. The second study compared 10 and 20 mg of THC with 60 and 120 mg of codeine. They found that pain relief with THC was equivocal to codeine. Both codeine and THC were more effective than placebo. It is important to note that the they also found a significant dose response curve with regard to adverse effects including drowsiness, loss of control over thought and action, and transient depression and paranoia.
The DEA Workshop on the Medical Utility of Marijuana concludes that although there is evidence that THC has some analgesic effect on humans there is a very narrow therapeutic window between effective analgesia and unacceptable neurological adverse effects. They also report that with the wide variety of opioids and NSAIDs the use of delta-9-THC is limited in most kinds of pain. However, they do admit that the control of neurogenic pain is lacking and THC may have a role there.
Although THC has been shown to be an effective analgesic, the large presence of pain medications in the market prevents marijuana from finding a useful niche. However, I have not come across any studies documenting marijuana's neuropsychiatric effects on pain. It is possible that the euphoric effects of marijuana may have some merit with regard to pain perception and may be another avenue to look into.
Neurological and Movement Disorders
There are reports that marijuana has antispasmatic, antitremor, and antiataxic activity. In the clinical setting, these properties may have utility in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, Multiple sclerosis, siezures and in spinal cord injuries.
There are anecdotal reports that both smoking marijuana and oral THC relieve spasticity and nocturnal spasm associated with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries.
Animal studies have shown various cannabinoids to be effective as an anticonvulsant especially when administered parenterally. The anticonvulsant effects are particularly effective in generalized and partial tonic-clonic siezures.
Both smoked and oral marijuana have been used in Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's chorea with little benefit.
Glaucoma
Initial studies by Helper and Frank (1971), and Helper and Petrus (1976) showed that smoked marijuana lowered intraocular pressure. The 1976 study showed that marijuana cigarettes with 4% THC lowered intraocular pressure by as much as 27 percent when compared to placebo. Oral dosages of 20 mg THC lowered intraocular pressure by 17 percent when compared to placebo. They also noted that marijuana was particularly effective in those with refractory glaucoma.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology (1992) stated: "There is evidence that marijuana (or its components), taken orally or by inhalation can lower intraocular pressure. However, there are no conclusive studies to date to indicate that marijuana (or its components) can safely and effectively lower intraocular pressure enough to prevent optic nerve damage..." Generally, marijuana is not accepted as a safe and effective treatment. It would appear that the dose required to achieve the short term therapeutic effects is enough to cause undesirable side effects. However, its role as an adjuvant therapy to conventional treatment and its long term utility has yet to be determined.
These studies suggest that there is no evidence that marijuana decreases intraocular pressure enough to reduce optic nerve damage. There are also some studies that suggest glaucoma pathology is based not only on intraocular pressure but also susceptibility of the optic nerve to the pressure.
Brain Tumors
Cannabinoids were shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis in mice with gliomas by reducing the expression of various vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway-related genes. The cannabinoids work by increasing the potency of a fat molecule known as ceramide. Increased ceramide activity, in turn, inhibits cells that would normally produce VEGF and encourage blood vessel growth. These changes in the VEGF pathway were paralleled by changes in tumor size. Moreover, intratumoral administration of the cannabinoid Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol to two (human) patients with glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma) decreased VEGF levels and VEGF receptor activation in the tumors. Because blockade of the VEGF pathway constitutes one of the most promising antitumoral approaches currently available, the present findings provide a novel pharmacological target for cannabinoid-based therapies.
tambag lang nako! sa mga wala pa kasuway ug marijuana ayaw na lang mo ug sulay, kng nakagamit na mo. ayaw lang palabie ug mahimo undangi na lang na. pero kng dli jud ninyo kaya mo undang aw controla lang tawn. timan.e nga tanang butang makadaot basta pasubraan. usa pa iligal na lisod na ug ma priso ka. kng gusto jd mo magcge ug dagkot hala ad2 mo sa lugar nga legal ang marijuana. hahaha...
TS: naa na thread ani. i search lang.
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