Glyptodon, an Ancient Armadillo
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Glyptodon (pronounced GLIP-toh-don) was one of the biggest ancient armadillos (belonging to the family Glyptodontidae). Fossils of this car-sized mammal have been found in Argentina, South America. Glyptodon (meaning "carved tooth") was named by paleontologist R. Owen in 1839. These herbivores (plant-eaters) may have been preyed upon by saber-toothed cats. Anatomy: This well-armored animal had heavy, dome-shaped body armor, helmet-like head armor, and rings of bony armor on its short tail. This mammal had four short, thick legs; the front feet each had five clawed toes and the rear feet were more hoof-like. It had a short snout and powerful jaws, with no teeth in the front of the mouth, but had grinding teeth farther back in the jaws. It was about 10 feet (3 m) long and 5 feet (1.5 m) tall.
When Glyptodon Lived: Glyptodon lived in the Ice Ages, during the Pleistocene (between 2 million and 15,000 years ago).
Classification: Class Mammalia (mammals), Order Edentata (anteaters, sloths, and armadillos), Family Glyptodontidae (armadillo-like animals), Genus Glyptodon.
Size and Weight:
About 10 feet long and one ton
Diet:
Plants
Distinguishing Characteristics:
Huge, armored dome on back; short head and neck
About Glyptodon:
One of the most distinctive--and comical-looking--creatures of prehistoric times, Glyptodon was essentially a dinosaur-sized armadillo, with a huge, round, armored carapace, stubby, turtle-like legs, and a blunt head on a short neck. As many commentators have pointed out, this prehistoric mammal looked a bit like a Volkswagen Beetle, and tucked up under its shell it would have been virtually immune to predation (unless an enterprising predator figured out a way to flip it onto its back and dig into its soft belly). The only thing it lacked was a clubbed, spiked tail, a feature evolved by its close relative Doedicurus.
Glyptodon survived well into early historical times, only going extinct about 10,000 years ago, along with most other megafauna of the Ice Age (such as Diprotodon, the Giant Wombat, and Castoroides, the Giant Beaver). This huge, slow-moving armadillo was probably hunted to extinction by early humans, who would have prized it not only for its meat but also for its roomy carapace--there's evidence that the earliest settlers of South America sheltered from the snow and rain under Glyptodon shells!




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