This is based on my readings lang. Just trying to share.
The semantic meaning of the Arabic term jihad has no relation to holy war or even war in general. Its meaning is much broader, includes many activities unrelated to warfare. The book
JIHAD: The Origin of Holy War in Islam by Reuven Firestone says:
The root j.h.d., the meaning of which is to strive, exert oneself, or take extraordinary pains. Jihād is a verbal noun of the third Arabic form of the root jahada, which is defined classically as "exerting one's utmost power, efforts, endeavors, or ability in contending with an object of disapprobation." There are also many kinds of jihad, and most have nothing to do with warfare.
"Jihād of the heart," for example, denotes struggle against one's own sinful inclinations, while
"jihad of the tongue" requires speaking on behalf of the good and forbidding evil.
And contrary to common misperception, Arshad Khan author of
Muslims, and America: Understanding the Basis of their Conflict, says:
Islam does not preach violence. It prohibits forced conversions or the use of force against innocent or unarmed people. It does not allow the use of violence for spreading Islam. Islam also prohibits the destruction of property. However, it does allow self-defense or the taking up of arms against aggressors. The Koran says, “Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but begin not hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors” (2:190).
Khan furthers in the same book that the problem of Jihad is that it is "being hi-jacked." For centuries many have viewed many of their conflicts as jihad (even though they were not), by "allowing themselves to be misled by Muslims who had selfish and wrong agendas and objectives."
In other words, the invocation of the word jihad conjures up different images, depending on whether the person is a Muslim or a non-Muslim as it has been misinterpreted and maligned for ages. According to Khan,
For non-Muslims, it brings up images of war-mongering Muslims bent upon forcibly converting non-Muslims to Islam. For Americans, it brings up images of bin Laden advocating jehad and, consequently, images of an attack on civilian targets and government. For a few Muslims, the cry of “jehad” is a call to take up arms to protect Islam and Muslims. For ignorant extremist Muslims, whose numbers are insignificant, it means the subjugation of non-Muslims. However, for those who know and understand Islam, jehad has a far different objective that has nothing to do with violence and war, except in exceptional circumstances."
Salam!