Informative Guide in Setting up Local Area Network (LAN).

[drwtsn32]

---

...see my comment on blue..

now u get your books and in details, ok no problem with that explanation... my previous post was based on actual experience and stock knowledge.

but i still stand na mag problema jud ang connection when not using the standard color coding
...Opppss! Really? Ohhh! Meaning you have just discovered that?

Question:

• Unsa man diay naka-Cause kaha ana nganong taas man ug labay sa signal ang T568B Scheme kay sa "sa imong dicoveries - nga mo-vary man daw ang signal kung dili ka mo-follow sa T568B Scheme"?
• Pila ka gauge and impedance sa mga copper nga naa sa sulod sa cable?
• Since, dili man jud ka mag-based sa libro kay experience ug stock knowledge lagi, so, pila man diay amount sa current nga mo-travel sa Bl/WBl ug Br/WBr ug sa O/WO ug G/WG?

labi nag mag kataas ang length, naka experience gani ko ug buhi ang link but no traffic on an electrical gigabit connection by not following the color code.

1. mag-traffic diay na ang electric signals?
2. ug gi-unsa man nimo pagkabalo nga walay jitter ang iyang signal bro? naa kay data ani? (fact ta huh? dili ta mag-hisgot ug hocus focus matud pa ni wire?)
3. unsay kalainan sa signal sa Gigabit ug sa megabit connection?

not all in books are happening in actual production...
Diin diay na gikan ang gipang yaw-yaw sa books bro? Ayaw ko ingna nga nag-hocus focus sad na ang mga books? like CISCO books, gahocus focus diay na ang CISCO books?

maybe the difference is that ur into installations and i'm into troubleshooting.

1. Unsay kalainan sa installations and troubleshooting sa skills and theories?
2. (aside from the tasks) Does it makes difference?
3. would it, the person who installs doesn't know how to troubleshoot?
4. would it, the person who troubleshoots doesn't know how to install?

[netcommando]

maningkamot lang kog answer sa mga questions nimo sir goryo ha, i know kabalo ka but instead of sharing your thoughts on the subject, you choose to devours posts in order to make your self look good.

A. mag problema jud ang connection when not using the standard color coding.
-- maybe you can ask "wire" pls., about your questions; i think i don't have to answer that, klaro man kaau na oi "characteristics of the wires"

B. naka experience gani ko ug buhi ang link but no traffic on an electrical gigabit connection by not following the color code.
1. mag-traffic diay na ang electric signals?
wa ko nag-ingon ug electrical signals.
-a gigabit connection using cat5or6 connected to sptx so i'm not using foc so that's electrical gigabit connection.
2. ug gi-unsa man nimo pagkabalo nga walay jitter ang iyang signal bro? naa kay data ani? (fact ta huh? dili ta mag-hisgot ug hocus focus matud pa ni wire?)
- wa nay hocus-focus... i was using jdsu ethernet tester (i forgot the model)
- data. na submit na nako sa ako boss. dugay na kaau 2005 pa.
3. unsay kalainan sa signal sa Gigabit ug sa megabit connection? -i'm sure di ko mo-answer ani. sori
C. not all in books are happening in actual production...
- i'm not referrinmg cisco here and i believe di tanan books reliable, ok. and ug cisco lang, daghan pa mi ug unresolve issues sa cisco, i'm not go into details it's no longer your concern, sori.
D. 1. Unsay kalainan sa installations and troubleshooting sa skills and theories? theories are in books presented during trainings/seminars... skills can be acquired in actual experiences.
2. (aside from the tasks) Does it makes difference? sa akoa gud experience, lahi grupo ng tig install, lahi sad grupo ng nag O&M.
3. would it, the person who installs doesn't know how to troubleshoot? yes, they are trained just to install and activate the equipments, run the scripts for basic configurations for the initial acceptance.
4. would it, the person who troubleshoots doesn't know how to install? in my case no because i make sure that i am present during the installation until acceptance.

ok... it's up to you nalang na unsaon nimo na pag interpret ng ako answers... Teacher ka Sir?

[networkguy]

ask lng ko bro ha... unsa jud diay nakalahian ana nila cat5 ug cat5e? ako gitan-aw diri karon murag wala man kalainan... naa jud cguro na pero wala lng ko kabantay... unsa diay? matsalams bro ha.....

bro, more on the cross talk interference an deperensya specially on the gigabit network and latency/jitter sensitive applications like voice and data.

[wire]

...No. don't felt inferiorism from OUR questions and posts, this is only OUR reactions based from what fact should WE have to stand. This has came man gud sa amo ngari nga gabasa nga mo-insists jud ka, daw ang fact it is because of the standard.

...Guys, we knew medyo na upset ka sa among comments and reactions, so please next time make a proof naman sad arun dili ta ma-intrega ana... You know bya kung unsay purpose ani sa Istorya and especially the threads, - The thread is a set of information so bare in mind na sakto sad ta? ok? and also naa sad ta enough proof to stand our answer...

...kung nasuko ka, nangasuko sad mi! Seriouso bya mi bro... Gusto namo kanang FACT jud for the sake sa atong mga igsoon ngari nga mga noobs pa intawn...

...In fact we've shared the real fact not just kung maka-post post lang...

...OK? So, next time think first... arun dili ka masupo! namo ngari... daghan bya mga Prof nga gabasa ani and welling to help the others... remember that!

...thanks! ~wave~ lang ko huh? murag nangasuko na ang uban ari...

maningkamot lang kog answer sa mga questions nimo sir goryo ha, i know kabalo ka but instead of sharing your thoughts on the subject, you choose to devours posts in order to make your self look good.

A. mag problema jud ang connection when not using the standard color coding.
-- maybe you can ask "wire" pls., about your questions; i think i don't have to answer that, klaro man kaau na oi "characteristics of the wires"

B. naka experience gani ko ug buhi ang link but no traffic on an electrical gigabit connection by not following the color code.
1. mag-traffic diay na ang electric signals?
wa ko nag-ingon ug electrical signals.
-a gigabit connection using cat5or6 connected to sptx so i'm not using foc so that's electrical gigabit connection.
2. ug gi-unsa man nimo pagkabalo nga walay jitter ang iyang signal bro? naa kay data ani? (fact ta huh? dili ta mag-hisgot ug hocus focus matud pa ni wire?)
- wa nay hocus-focus... i was using jdsu ethernet tester (i forgot the model)
- data. na submit na nako sa ako boss. dugay na kaau 2005 pa.
3. unsay kalainan sa signal sa Gigabit ug sa megabit connection? -i'm sure di ko mo-answer ani. sori
C. not all in books are happening in actual production...
- i'm not referrinmg cisco here and i believe di tanan books reliable, ok. and ug cisco lang, daghan pa mi ug unresolve issues sa cisco, i'm not go into details it's no longer your concern, sori.
D. 1. Unsay kalainan sa installations and troubleshooting sa skills and theories? theories are in books presented during trainings/seminars... skills can be acquired in actual experiences.
2. (aside from the tasks) Does it makes difference? sa akoa gud experience, lahi grupo ng tig install, lahi sad grupo ng nag O&M.
3. would it, the person who installs doesn't know how to troubleshoot? yes, they are trained just to install and activate the equipments, run the scripts for basic configurations for the initial acceptance.
4. would it, the person who troubleshoots doesn't know how to install? in my case no because i make sure that i am present during the installation until acceptance.

ok... it's up to you nalang na unsaon nimo na pag interpret ng ako answers... Teacher ka Sir?

[netcommando]

ok no problem with me but as i said and stand... that was based on my actual experience... biyai lng na nga statement cuz that's my experience and i no longer have the data to back it up. I exerted effort for that experienced in 2005 sa nag start ko ug IP, from atm & fr technology.

sa mga naa diri nagbasa-basa lang and gusto jud makat-on, it's not my intention nga muabot sa ing-ani nga mura na nuon ug way klaro but i think when ur time comes and has opportunity to double check what i had experience then go and approach mi w/ ur findings, if i'm wrong i concede no problem.

[netcommando]

thanks sa likes bros... i found this in the net but just read as it is because it's gonna be an unreliable source. but in order to check if it's agreeableness better we have to test it by our selves in the lab.

GroupStudy.com - CCIE, CCNA, CCNP and other Cisco Certifications

[drwtsn32]

...my response on blue...

maningkamot lang kog answer sa mga questions nimo sir goryo ha, i know kabalo ka but instead of sharing your thoughts on the subject, you choose to devours posts in order to make your self look good.

A. mag problema jud ang connection when not using the standard color coding.
-- maybe you can ask "wire" pls., about your questions; i think i don't have to answer that, klaro man kaau na oi "characteristics of the wires"
huh? but according sa theories based sa among books ngari kay 6 wires (perting daghanang lebro ngari sa among table bro...) are 24 gauge (AWG) or 0.205 mm², characteristic impedance is around 100 Ohms, and the maximum current niya kay 0.577Amper, so, do you think does it makes difference?

B. naka experience gani ko ug buhi ang link but no traffic on an electrical gigabit connection by not following the color code.
1. mag-traffic diay na ang electric signals?
wa ko nag-ingon ug electrical signals.
-a gigabit connection using cat5or6 connected to sptx so i'm not using foc so that's electrical gigabit connection.
what does it mean by electrical gigabit connection? I can't really get that theory... feed us please...
2. ug gi-unsa man nimo pagkabalo nga walay jitter ang iyang signal bro? naa kay data ani? (fact ta huh? dili ta mag-hisgot ug hocus focus matud pa ni wire?)
- wa nay hocus-focus... i was using jdsu ethernet tester (i forgot the model)
ug sa dihang nakalimot...
- data. na submit na nako sa ako boss. dugay na kaau 2005 pa.
ok. lets put that to obsolete files.. hehehe...
3. unsay kalainan sa signal sa Gigabit ug sa megabit connection? -i'm sure di ko mo-answer ani. sori
...hehehe pasensya kana.. naghisgot man gud ka ug electric gigabit connection, hehehe mao nga ako lang sad gi-atbangan ang imong nga comment into this comment...
C. not all in books are happening in actual production...
- i'm not referrinmg cisco here and i believe di tanan books reliable, ok. and ug cisco lang, daghan pa mi ug unresolve issues sa cisco, i'm not go into details it's no longer your concern, sori.
...this is not the issue of CISCO but this is about the information from the books that we bought from CISCO, I believe naa na sa CISCO module 1 nga discussion, I hope naka-remember pka or you may ask somebody who's studying CISCO module 1.
D. 1. Unsay kalainan sa installations and troubleshooting sa skills and theories? theories are in books presented during trainings/seminars... skills can be acquired in actual experiences.
...No, I mean, sa installations from troubleshooting?
2. (aside from the tasks) Does it makes difference? sa akoa gud experience, lahi grupo ng tig install, lahi sad grupo ng nag O&M.
...wala maghisgot ug configuration sa system huh? naa ra ta sa physical cable. Kay ngano man lagi ning taga Ngkai, taga-HP, taga-IBM, taga-TGU, taga-Goldtelecomm, ug uban pah... nga sila man lagi nag-install sa mga cables or nag structure cabling when I was sa Cebu on project based nga sila man lagi ang nag-troubleshoot sa network nga ilang gi-install? so, unsay imong ikasulti ana?
3. would it, the person who installs doesn't know how to troubleshoot? yes, they are trained just to install and activate the equipments, run the scripts for basic configurations for the initial acceptance.
...ngano man lagi tong taga-Goldtelecomm sila man lagi nag-install sila man sad ang nag-troubleshoot?... so unsay comments nimo ana?
4. would it, the person who troubleshoots doesn't know how to install? in my case no because i make sure that i am present during the installation until acceptance.
...unsa-on pag trace sa mga histories and architectures? that would be a problem bro, why because, if in case naa urgent nga mga issues na dapat ma-resolve, I think that would take siyam2x ka adlaw, that would take time...

ok... it's up to you nalang na unsaon nimo na pag interpret ng ako answers... Teacher ka Sir?
...dili man ko titser bro, i'm just a prof... nga mo-react basta maka-basa ko ug weird nga mga scenario like sa imong mga comments... nga.. "...mo vary ang daw signal kung e-costumize ang color coding sa T568B Scheme", in fact, nga wala may ma-usab. In spite of, that's is out of the standard imposed by EIA.

[redfox775]

want to share this to my fellow forumers and to anyone who knows and doesn't knows Acknowledgements et.,al Network Cabling Help
So you want to install network cables but don't know where to start.

You could enroll for some formal training, there are a few recognised courses on structured cabling systems which offer some hands-on experience, or you could take one of the many courses offered by the manufacturers of cabling components. Obviously the manufacturers try to sell their own products, but their courses are usually cheaper and they can still provide some of the basic cabling skills.There are also lots of books on the subject of cabling and a selection of these can be found in the Network Cabling Help shop, my personal favourite is The Cabling Handbook 2nd Edition by John Vacca. It has over 1300 pages covering all aspects of network cabling and includes chapters on The Standards, Network Design, Wireless Communications, Fibre and Home Wiring. If you don't want to invest any money on training until you are seeing some financial results, then you can gain valuable experience by actually doing some work for an existing cabling company.
Here are some basic questions you may be asking yourself if you have never installed a structured cabling system before.
What are 'The standards' ?
There are three main cabling standards:

• EIA/TIA 568A - This is the American standard and was the first to be published (1991).
• ISO/IEC 11801 - The International standard for structured cabling systems.
• CENELEC EN 50173 - The European cabling standard.

The reason for having a 'Standard' is to define a method of connecting all types of vendors voice and data equipment, over a cabling system that uses a common media, common connectors and a common topology. This means that a building can be cabled for all its communications needs without the planner or architect ever having to know what type of equipment will be used.
It is advisable to get a copy of one of the cabling standards documents, although once you have read through it once and understood some of what it describes, it will probably be filed away and never opened again. If you have ever tried to read a standards document you will know that it is hard work. Trying to separate the useful information from all the technical jargon can be very time consuming and even then you may not find the answer to your question. The bad news is, the Cabling Standards are no different, they are full of cross references, formulas and tables all of which can be a very daunting prospect and can make the installation engineer think twice about installing the stuff.
Now for the good news, the standards are mostly concerned with the performance criteria of the components of a cabling system, and, as that is guaranteed by the manufacturers of the different cabling components, you don't have to worry about it.
What type of cable do I install?
Cat 5 and Cat 5E
The basic Cat 5 system used to be the only real choice, but developments in Ethernet technology led to the introduction of 'Enhanced Category 5' or Cat 5E. Both systems are capable of transmission rates up to 100MHz, but the test parameters for Cat 5 assumed that data signals would only use two of the four pairs (one pair for transmitting and one pair for receiving) and crosstalk measurements were only taken between each pair combination.

With Gigabit Ethernet however, all four pairs can be used to transmit simultaneously, and so the cross talk on each pair has to be measured for the combined effects of the other three pairs.
Cat 6
The standard for Cat 6 was approved for publication by the EIA in 2002 (TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1). Category 6 is capable of transmission frequencies up to 250Mhz and has a positive power sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio upto 200MHz using improved cables and RJ45 connectors. The problem that manufacturers have, is that to meet the Cat 6 specification, requires the use of cables and connectors which are designed to work together as a 'tuned' system. This means that if you install a Cat 6 system the manufacturer will only guarantee performance if all of the components including the patch leads are from their Cat 6 product range. In fact, by mixing Cat 6 components from different manufacturers you could end up with a system with worse performance characteristics than a conventional Cat 5e system. That said, it is worth noting that Cat 6 systems are backwards compatible with Cat 5/5e cabling and when mixed with these lower bandwidth systems the performance criteria of the lower specification will still be met. Testing Cat 6 cables can be a frustrating process, apart from taking longer because the tester has to scan frequency steps up to 200MHz instead of 100MHz, the fine line between pass and fail is accentuated it seems by the slightest kink and twist. The most significant factor when testing a Cat 6 system can be return loss failures due to the test leads themselves. All connectors have a life cycle and with the average RJ45 connector this is around one or two thousand insertions, so test leads should be replaced after every 1000 tests or so. OK, not a problem but at around $200 per set this cost will have to be considered when pricing jobs.
Fluke seem to have a solution to this problem with their DSP-LIA101S Permanent Link Adapters. The connector at the end of the leads are interchangeable and replaceable with connectors from different manufacturers to ensure compatibility with the system under test. Although a good idea, the adapters are over $500 and a new pair of "Personality Modules" cost over $100. Surely the test plugs should now be considered as 'consumables' and the price lowered to reflect this.
Cat 7
This is a 600MHz system (published in 2002) using a shielded cable with individually screened pairs and a new type of connector. The cable and connectors are slightly bigger than Cat 5e and installation time can be increased because of the complexity of the termination. There are two main draw backs with installing this type of cabling, the first is the additional cost involved, and the second is that almost all networking hardware uses RJ45 jacks. To connect to the cabling system, you have to use Cat 7 to Cat 5e patch leads, and because any system is only as good as its weakest link, your speed is back down to 100MHz.
Shielded or Unshielded
This is a subject that has been debated and argued over for a long time, and as yet, there are still no definite answers. Most countries in Europe, and in particular Germany, argue that apart from protecting data signals against high frequency noise from outside sources, shielded cable also protects humans against the possibility of having their brains fried due to the effects of high frequency emissions from the cable itself. Other countries, such as the UK, US and Canada, aren't particularly bothered by this because nothing has been proved, and after all, millions of people wander around with mobile phones pressed against the side of their heads with no apparent side effects, er... yet. With the advent of 10GBaseT and 40GBaseT, shielded systems may now be the only realistic choice to minimise Alien Crosstalk.

Shielded cables and components are more expensive and are more time consuming to terminate, you should also bear in mind that a shielded cable that isn't properly grounded has worse performance characteristics than an unshielded cable. If a shielded cable isn't grounded at all, the screen can act like an antenna and induce all manner of noise on to the data signal.

Low Smoke Zero Halogen
In public buildings, such as airports, shops and hospitals, then the cable should be Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LS0H or LSZH).
How can I tell if a cable is a crossover or straight through?
very good question:


If you hold both of the RJ45 connectors side by side and look at them from the bottom (ie. the clip is away from you) you can make out which colour is connected to which pin. The pins you are interested in are (from left to right) 1 & 2 and 3 & 6. If they are the same either end then it is a straight through cable, if pin 1 (usually orange/white, but not necessarily) is connected to pin 3 at the other end and 2 is connected to pin 6 (and vice versa) then you have a crossover cable.

If you look at the testing page of the Network Cabling Help website, about half way down there are some pictures of the pin outs for RJ45 connectors. The 'crossed pair' image is actually the correct wiring for a crossover cable and above it is the correct wiring for a straight through cable.

If you have a straight through cable then it won't work without a hub, if pins 1 & 2 and 3 & 6 are crossed over then the problem lies with the way the network is setup.
Cat 5 crossover cable?
Q. I have been looking at your site and it was very helpful.
I'm trying to connect two computers with a cat 5 crossover cable. The cable that I received in the mail was crossed correctly, but it was also crossed at 4 &5. My question is will this cable work by just joining PC to PC without any hubs or anything else. I bought the cable from an individual.

A. If you are using it for 10BaseT or 100BaseT Ethernet then the wiring should be 1 to 3, & 2 to 6

Pins 4 & 5 aren't used on 10/100BaseT Ethernet systems so it should be OK. If you are planning to use Gigabit Ethernet or Token Ring then it won't work.
How do I install it?
Here are the basic do's and don'ts.
Although the maximum cable length for a Cat 5e/6/7 system is often reported to be 100m, this length is inclusive of patch and drop leads. Cable testers however, when set to perform a 'Basic Link' test, take this into account and you will find that the maximum length is set to either 90m or 94m depending on the standard you are testing to. Also, because the length is measured with a Cable Analyser it is not the physical length of the run but the copper length that is measured. The copper length is longer due to the twists in the cable pairs, so if a run looks like it might be over 85m it would be wise to check it before it is tied up and terminated.
Each outlet cable should be run directly back to the patch cabinet, that is one cable per outlet. A transition point or connection box is allowed if necessary, but in practice this can be more trouble than its worth.
Care should be taken when pulling cables in to ensure that they are not kinked or nicked.
Cable routes should be planned to avoid fluorescent light fittings and power cables (exceptions can be made in the case of optical fibre). They should not be run in the same conduit as power, or the same channel of a trunking system, and where they are run parallel to power they must be at least 60mm apart (BS7671-92) . Crossing power cables is allowed but it must be at right angles, and some form of bridge should be used.
A means of supporting the cables should be installed such as cable tray, catenary wire or cable tie fixings, tying cables to ceiling hangers is not permitted. Cables should be tied at a minimum of 500mm intervals on horizontal runs and more frequently on vertical runs, with no more than 48 cables in a loom. Cable ties should only be finger tight to avoid crushing the cables as this could affect the cables performance characteristics. Do not use cable tie guns or staple guns.
Cable trays should be used under false floors, if not, a suitable method of keeping the cable off the floor slab should be employed. This is because the lime in the concrete apparently reacts with the cables sheathing, and over time could damage the cable. I personally think the cable will have outlived its usefulness long before this could have any affect on the cables performance.

Care should be taken when pulling cables into trunking to avoid damage due to snagging. Trunking partitions should be used to separate the data cables from power, and bridges should be used where data cables have to cross the mains.

When terminating patch panels, cable looms should not exceed 48 cables. Each cable loom should then be tied in a tidy manner to a cable tray fitted the full length of the cabinet.
All terminating should be carried out according to the manufacturers instructions and guidelines, and the standards for generic cabling systems. The cable sheath should be stripped back no more than 13mm from the point of termination and the twist rates should be maintained.
Cable ties MUST be fitted to the individual RJ45 modules in the patch panels and outlets to support each cable.
When terminating outlets, care must be taken to avoid damaging the copper cores when stripping back the outer sheathing.
Excessive amounts of cable should not be left in the outlet backbox. Care should be taken when attaching the outlet faceplate not to kink, trap or strain the cable.
Cable tray should be fitted in cabinets housing structured cabling to keep cable looms secure and tidy, and to provide room for any additional cabling.
All cabinets must be earthed to the 16th edition IEEE wiring regulations (British regulations). Where shielded cable is used the earth should be clean and where two cabinets are linked with a copper backbone (shielded or unshielded) a minimum of 10mm² earth wire should also be installed to cross bond the cabinets.
To be continued

[wire]

...kani pabor jud ko ani... naa ra diha tanan akong gipang-yaw yaw bro netcommando...

...you must have to read arun maka-tubag ka sa among mga pangutana...

...but anyway, atleast naka-create ta ug interest sa mga viewer...

...peace bro, hope we have learned from that...

want to share this to my fellow forumers and to anyone who knows and doesn't knows Acknowledgements et.,al Network Cabling Help
So you want to install network cables but don't know where to start.

You could enroll for some formal training, there are a few recognised courses on structured cabling systems which offer some hands-on experience, or you could take one of the many courses offered by the manufacturers of cabling components. Obviously the manufacturers try to sell their own products, but their courses are usually cheaper and they can still provide some of the basic cabling skills.There are also lots of books on the subject of cabling and a selection of these can be found in the Network Cabling Help shop, my personal favourite is The Cabling Handbook 2nd Edition by John Vacca. It has over 1300 pages covering all aspects of network cabling and includes chapters on The Standards, Network Design, Wireless Communications, Fibre and Home Wiring. If you don't want to invest any money on training until you are seeing some financial results, then you can gain valuable experience by actually doing some work for an existing cabling company.
Here are some basic questions you may be asking yourself if you have never installed a structured cabling system before.
What are 'The standards' ?
There are three main cabling standards:

• EIA/TIA 568A - This is the American standard and was the first to be published (1991).
• ISO/IEC 11801 - The International standard for structured cabling systems.
• CENELEC EN 50173 - The European cabling standard.

The reason for having a 'Standard' is to define a method of connecting all types of vendors voice and data equipment, over a cabling system that uses a common media, common connectors and a common topology. This means that a building can be cabled for all its communications needs without the planner or architect ever having to know what type of equipment will be used.
It is advisable to get a copy of one of the cabling standards documents, although once you have read through it once and understood some of what it describes, it will probably be filed away and never opened again. If you have ever tried to read a standards document you will know that it is hard work. Trying to separate the useful information from all the technical jargon can be very time consuming and even then you may not find the answer to your question. The bad news is, the Cabling Standards are no different, they are full of cross references, formulas and tables all of which can be a very daunting prospect and can make the installation engineer think twice about installing the stuff.
Now for the good news, the standards are mostly concerned with the performance criteria of the components of a cabling system, and, as that is guaranteed by the manufacturers of the different cabling components, you don't have to worry about it.
What type of cable do I install?
Cat 5 and Cat 5E
The basic Cat 5 system used to be the only real choice, but developments in Ethernet technology led to the introduction of 'Enhanced Category 5' or Cat 5E. Both systems are capable of transmission rates up to 100MHz, but the test parameters for Cat 5 assumed that data signals would only use two of the four pairs (one pair for transmitting and one pair for receiving) and crosstalk measurements were only taken between each pair combination.

With Gigabit Ethernet however, all four pairs can be used to transmit simultaneously, and so the cross talk on each pair has to be measured for the combined effects of the other three pairs.
Cat 6
The standard for Cat 6 was approved for publication by the EIA in 2002 (TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1). Category 6 is capable of transmission frequencies up to 250Mhz and has a positive power sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio upto 200MHz using improved cables and RJ45 connectors. The problem that manufacturers have, is that to meet the Cat 6 specification, requires the use of cables and connectors which are designed to work together as a 'tuned' system. This means that if you install a Cat 6 system the manufacturer will only guarantee performance if all of the components including the patch leads are from their Cat 6 product range. In fact, by mixing Cat 6 components from different manufacturers you could end up with a system with worse performance characteristics than a conventional Cat 5e system. That said, it is worth noting that Cat 6 systems are backwards compatible with Cat 5/5e cabling and when mixed with these lower bandwidth systems the performance criteria of the lower specification will still be met. Testing Cat 6 cables can be a frustrating process, apart from taking longer because the tester has to scan frequency steps up to 200MHz instead of 100MHz, the fine line between pass and fail is accentuated it seems by the slightest kink and twist. The most significant factor when testing a Cat 6 system can be return loss failures due to the test leads themselves. All connectors have a life cycle and with the average RJ45 connector this is around one or two thousand insertions, so test leads should be replaced after every 1000 tests or so. OK, not a problem but at around $200 per set this cost will have to be considered when pricing jobs.
Fluke seem to have a solution to this problem with their DSP-LIA101S Permanent Link Adapters. The connector at the end of the leads are interchangeable and replaceable with connectors from different manufacturers to ensure compatibility with the system under test. Although a good idea, the adapters are over $500 and a new pair of "Personality Modules" cost over $100. Surely the test plugs should now be considered as 'consumables' and the price lowered to reflect this.
Cat 7
This is a 600MHz system (published in 2002) using a shielded cable with individually screened pairs and a new type of connector. The cable and connectors are slightly bigger than Cat 5e and installation time can be increased because of the complexity of the termination. There are two main draw backs with installing this type of cabling, the first is the additional cost involved, and the second is that almost all networking hardware uses RJ45 jacks. To connect to the cabling system, you have to use Cat 7 to Cat 5e patch leads, and because any system is only as good as its weakest link, your speed is back down to 100MHz.
Shielded or Unshielded
This is a subject that has been debated and argued over for a long time, and as yet, there are still no definite answers. Most countries in Europe, and in particular Germany, argue that apart from protecting data signals against high frequency noise from outside sources, shielded cable also protects humans against the possibility of having their brains fried due to the effects of high frequency emissions from the cable itself. Other countries, such as the UK, US and Canada, aren't particularly bothered by this because nothing has been proved, and after all, millions of people wander around with mobile phones pressed against the side of their heads with no apparent side effects, er... yet. With the advent of 10GBaseT and 40GBaseT, shielded systems may now be the only realistic choice to minimise Alien Crosstalk.

Shielded cables and components are more expensive and are more time consuming to terminate, you should also bear in mind that a shielded cable that isn't properly grounded has worse performance characteristics than an unshielded cable. If a shielded cable isn't grounded at all, the screen can act like an antenna and induce all manner of noise on to the data signal.

Low Smoke Zero Halogen
In public buildings, such as airports, shops and hospitals, then the cable should be Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LS0H or LSZH).
How can I tell if a cable is a crossover or straight through?
very good question:


If you hold both of the RJ45 connectors side by side and look at them from the bottom (ie. the clip is away from you) you can make out which colour is connected to which pin. The pins you are interested in are (from left to right) 1 & 2 and 3 & 6. If they are the same either end then it is a straight through cable, if pin 1 (usually orange/white, but not necessarily) is connected to pin 3 at the other end and 2 is connected to pin 6 (and vice versa) then you have a crossover cable.

If you look at the testing page of the Network Cabling Help website, about half way down there are some pictures of the pin outs for RJ45 connectors. The 'crossed pair' image is actually the correct wiring for a crossover cable and above it is the correct wiring for a straight through cable.

If you have a straight through cable then it won't work without a hub, if pins 1 & 2 and 3 & 6 are crossed over then the problem lies with the way the network is setup.
Cat 5 crossover cable?
Q. I have been looking at your site and it was very helpful.
I'm trying to connect two computers with a cat 5 crossover cable. The cable that I received in the mail was crossed correctly, but it was also crossed at 4 &5. My question is will this cable work by just joining PC to PC without any hubs or anything else. I bought the cable from an individual.

A. If you are using it for 10BaseT or 100BaseT Ethernet then the wiring should be 1 to 3, & 2 to 6

Pins 4 & 5 aren't used on 10/100BaseT Ethernet systems so it should be OK. If you are planning to use Gigabit Ethernet or Token Ring then it won't work.
How do I install it?
Here are the basic do's and don'ts.
Although the maximum cable length for a Cat 5e/6/7 system is often reported to be 100m, this length is inclusive of patch and drop leads. Cable testers however, when set to perform a 'Basic Link' test, take this into account and you will find that the maximum length is set to either 90m or 94m depending on the standard you are testing to. Also, because the length is measured with a Cable Analyser it is not the physical length of the run but the copper length that is measured. The copper length is longer due to the twists in the cable pairs, so if a run looks like it might be over 85m it would be wise to check it before it is tied up and terminated.
Each outlet cable should be run directly back to the patch cabinet, that is one cable per outlet. A transition point or connection box is allowed if necessary, but in practice this can be more trouble than its worth.
Care should be taken when pulling cables in to ensure that they are not kinked or nicked.
Cable routes should be planned to avoid fluorescent light fittings and power cables (exceptions can be made in the case of optical fibre). They should not be run in the same conduit as power, or the same channel of a trunking system, and where they are run parallel to power they must be at least 60mm apart (BS7671-92) . Crossing power cables is allowed but it must be at right angles, and some form of bridge should be used.
A means of supporting the cables should be installed such as cable tray, catenary wire or cable tie fixings, tying cables to ceiling hangers is not permitted. Cables should be tied at a minimum of 500mm intervals on horizontal runs and more frequently on vertical runs, with no more than 48 cables in a loom. Cable ties should only be finger tight to avoid crushing the cables as this could affect the cables performance characteristics. Do not use cable tie guns or staple guns.
Cable trays should be used under false floors, if not, a suitable method of keeping the cable off the floor slab should be employed. This is because the lime in the concrete apparently reacts with the cables sheathing, and over time could damage the cable. I personally think the cable will have outlived its usefulness long before this could have any affect on the cables performance.

Care should be taken when pulling cables into trunking to avoid damage due to snagging. Trunking partitions should be used to separate the data cables from power, and bridges should be used where data cables have to cross the mains.

When terminating patch panels, cable looms should not exceed 48 cables. Each cable loom should then be tied in a tidy manner to a cable tray fitted the full length of the cabinet.
All terminating should be carried out according to the manufacturers instructions and guidelines, and the standards for generic cabling systems. The cable sheath should be stripped back no more than 13mm from the point of termination and the twist rates should be maintained.
Cable ties MUST be fitted to the individual RJ45 modules in the patch panels and outlets to support each cable.
When terminating outlets, care must be taken to avoid damaging the copper cores when stripping back the outer sheathing.
Excessive amounts of cable should not be left in the outlet backbox. Care should be taken when attaching the outlet faceplate not to kink, trap or strain the cable.
Cable tray should be fitted in cabinets housing structured cabling to keep cable looms secure and tidy, and to provide room for any additional cabling.
All cabinets must be earthed to the 16th edition IEEE wiring regulations (British regulations). Where shielded cable is used the earth should be clean and where two cabinets are linked with a copper backbone (shielded or unshielded) a minimum of 10mm² earth wire should also be installed to cross bond the cabinets.
To be continued

[netcommando]

tubag gihapon ta, he he he

A. ngano 6wires man na nga 8wires man, di ba 4-pairs?
B. pls do google on B1. B2-B3, ur right limot na jud ko, tiguwang na, he he he
C. way blema ng cisco module1 diha, ang point of discussion ug unsay epekto kun di ta musunod sa standard color coding.
D. sori we have different experience maybe sa ato field, i'm in ISP and ur in Enterprise. Kanang imong gipanghisgutan, they are all resellers. sa ako pud, ka interface nako ang supplier's field engrs and TAC engrs.

i think ok na ta ha...