ang buhaton bale isulat lang unsay nasabtan ani.. bayad lang kog 200 need na au naku ni unya gabii taman alas 8 sa gabii..please tabang mu.. bale report ni xa.. example..sa essence of values unsa man imu ikasulti and unsay nasabtan nmu anah? sunod na pod sa phenomology og moral values, unsay ikasulti and nasabtan anah taz characteristics of moral values unya knowledge of values dayon..willing au ko mobayd ani promise. text me lang para sa deal 0929 458 6273.
The Essence of Values
Etymologially, the word values comes from the Latin word "valere" which means to measure the worth of something. Values are the elements of life prevailing in any society. they lie at the core of man's life. they color his choice. They shape and determine an individual's or group's decision to like or dislike, favor or disfavor, change or not to change. Thus, knowledge of people's values, including their orientation and preferences, will guide planners, policy-makers, and change agents in planning and implementation of responsive development programs. Equipped with such knowhow, they can evoke maximum affirmative public response.
Max Scheler (1874-1982) is the foremost exponent of axiology. Axiology is defined as the philosophical science of values. Says Scheler, "Acts reveal the persons value perferences. Like a prism that reflects the invisible spectrum of colors, a person's acts manifest is invisible order of values.
But even if the person's order of values is revealed only in and through participating with his acts, the order of values revealed by this participation must be distinguished from the acts themselves. For Scheler, the order of values is objective and independent. But the peculiar ways wherein the values are manifested by acts are relative to and dependent on historical circumstances.
We also say that value is anything that appeals to us in any way. They are the priori intentional objects of feelings. The following are true of values:
1. There are positive and negative of values.
2. Values create an atmosphere, hence we say a sense of values.
3. Values are of diverse types.
4. Values transcend facts.
5. Values clamor for existence or realization.
6. Man experiences a certain order of values.
Phenomenology of Moral Values
1. A description of moral insights into a moral experience shows the following:
* There is awareness of the difference between right and wrong.
*Moral experience cannot be reduced to other human experiences.
*There is a "must" quality, i.e., it is expected and demanded that everyone be moral.
*We experiences and "ought" in doing good and avoiding evil.
*We are free to do good or evil.
2. From the phenomenon of dialogue, when we speak of and judge others, we distinguish between hero and the villain in myths, history, in everyday experience; we praise some and blame others. We contrast the hero and the rascal; the faithful and the unfaithful husband.
Characteristics of Moral Values
1. A value becomes moreal because it is recognized as reasonable and freely chosen by a human person.
2. Moral values are pre-eminent over other human values.
3. Moral values are absolute; e.e., independent of other values are preferred for their own sake.
4. Moral values are universal and necessary for everyone; i.e., friendship remains a value to all even if the friend is rascal.
5. Moral values are obligatory; i.e., they ought to realized and cannot be postponed.
Knowledge of Values
1. A value is immediately felt or experienced before it is known and explained. Pre- philosophical knowledge precedes philosophical, reflexive knowledge.
Two ways of knowing value:
1. By real or experiential knowledge; e.g., one who is in love and knows love. This is conatural knowldege; e.e., "moral sense."
2. By notional or conceptual knowledge; e.g., one who has never been in love gives a definition of love. This is objective rational knowledge; e.g., ethics.
2. What is the source of our moral ideal, e.g., what we should become to be fully human? fromt he experience of what we are, we from the ideal of what we should become. The more fully human we become, the more fully we exist. This is the real meaning of "living the fullest human life possible."
The moral ideal in us is both present (we are human) and the absent (the fullness of human life is still to be realized).